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First Contact

First Contact. Converging Cultures. Sections. Migration Native American Africa Europe Columbian Exchange. Migration. Explain why scientists believe that the earliest Americans migrated from Asia.

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First Contact

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  1. First Contact Converging Cultures

  2. Sections • Migration • Native American • Africa • Europe • Columbian Exchange

  3. Migration • Explain why scientists believe that the earliest Americans migrated from Asia. • Summarize the role the agricultural revolution played in the development of the first civilizations in the Americas. • Describe the early civilizations of MesoAmerica and the early cultures of North America.

  4. Asian Migration • Time • Archeological techniques • DNA • Radiocarbon dating • Era of time • Beringia • nomads

  5. Early Civilizations of MesoAmerica • Agricultural revolution • Maize • Result • Civilization • MesoAmerican Civilizations • Olmec • 1500-1200 BC • Art • Mayan • Toltec • Aztec • Tenochtitlan • Military power

  6. North American Cultures • Spread of agricultural technology • Hohokam • Anasazi • “ancient ones” • Kivas • Pueblos • Adena & Hopewell • Mississippian

  7. Migration Questions • How do scientists know who the first Americans were and when and how they came to America? • How did the agricultural revolution change the societies of early Americans? • How did the agricultural technology of MesoAmericaspread to the North American cultures?

  8. Native American Cultures • Differentiate Native American groups in the West based on their environment. • Identify which technologies created by the Far North Indians helped them to adapt to their region. • Describe the agricultural techniques of the Woodlands Native Americans.

  9. West • Primary factor in shaping Native American culture is environment • Southwest • Pueblo people • Long taproot • Kachina cult • Pacific Coast • Permanent villages • Lumber & fish • Pomo • Great Plains • Sioux • Horses • “counting coup”

  10. Far North • Inuit & Aluet • Hunting • Technologies • Harpoon • Kayak • Dogsled • lamps

  11. Eastern Woodlands • Landscape • Languages • Algonquian • Iroquoian • Slash & burn agriculture • Dwelling • Longhouses • Wigwams • Wampum • Iroquois League • Kinship groups • Purpose

  12. Southeast • Cherokee • Creek • Red sticks • White sticks

  13. Native American Cultures • How did Native American groups adapt to the environments of the West? • How were the Native Americans of the Far North able to live in their harsh environment? • How did the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands meet their need for food, shelter, and clothing?

  14. Africa • Analyze the geographical features of West Africa and its impact on the development the continent’s cultures. • Describe the culture of early West African kingdoms. • Explain the lifestyles of the Forest and Central African peoples. • Evaluate the introduction of inter-slavery to the African continent

  15. West Africa • Commodities • Sahara • Savannah • Trade • Trans-Sahara travel • Islam • Gold

  16. Empires of West Africa • Location, location, location! • Ghana • Soninke • exhaustion • Mali • Malinke • upper Niger river • MansaMusa and Mansa Sulayman • Songhai • Sorko • middle Niger river • Sonni Ali • AskiyaMuhammed • Timbuktu

  17. Forest and Central Kingdoms • Yoruba and Edo people • surplus food • Oba • Portuguese • Central Kingdoms • Kongo • matrinlineal • Zaire River

  18. Slavery • Intra-slavery • captured in war • upward mobility • Islam • Gold • Sugar • climate • manual labor • man stealing

  19. Africa Cultures Questions • Why were camels important to the growth of trade across the Sahara? • Why were the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires wealthy and powerful? • Why were the Yoruba and Edo able to produce a surplus of food? • What was the basis of many Central African societies? • Contrast how enslaved Africans were treated by other African tribes and Muslim and European societies.

  20. European Cultures • Discuss the impact of the Crusades on Europe’s contact with the Middle East. • Explain the transfer of goods between Europe and China and its impact on the global economy. • Analyze the impact of the Renaissance on European exploration. • Describe Portugal’s role in tracing trade routes to Asia.

  21. European Society • Crusades • Pope Urban II • Dark Ages • Political system • Economic system • Nobles • Serfs • Improving economy • 1000 a.d. • Innovations • Towns • Institution of stability and order

  22. Expanding Horizons • Bringing Western Europeans into contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations of eastern Europe and the Middle East. • Middle men • Payment • Mongol Empire • Desire for a new route

  23. New States, New Technology • Motivation • Decline of feudalism • Trade • Towns • New social class • Renaissance • New technologies • Astrolabe • Lateen sails • caravel

  24. Portugal • Henry the Navigator (1419) • Bartholomeu Dias (1488) • Vasco da Gama (1497)

  25. Questions • What was feudalism? • How did the Crusades help change western European society? • What political developments and new technologies made it possible for Europeans to search for a water route to China? • How did Henry the Navigator help Portuguese exploration?

  26. Columbian Exchange • Describe Viking and Spanish exploration of North America. • Summarize Columbus’s journey and their impact on Native Americans and Europeans.

  27. Vikings • Scandinavia • Longboats • Leif Ericsson

  28. Columbus • Geography (1475) • Al-Idrisi • “the end of Spain and the beginning of India are not far apart… it is known that this sea is navigable in a few days time with favoring wind.” • San Salvador Island • Titles • Four voyages • Santo Domingo • “died a hopeless and penniless man”

  29. European Exploration • Treaty of Tordesillas • Line of demarcation • Pope Alexander VI • Amerigo Vespucci • Juan Ponce de Leon • Vasco de Balboa • Ferdinand Magellan

  30. Columbian Exchange • Crops • Animals • Technology • Disease

  31. Questions • Who were the first Europeans to explore the Americas? • What did Columbus discover on his voyage to the Americas? • How was Spain able to officially claim the Americas? • What kinds of interchanges were part of the Columbian Exchange?

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