As. prof . Beley N.N. Ternopil State Medical University about Horbachevsky

1. As. prof. Beley N.N.Ternopil State Medical University about Horbachevsky Dry and oil extracts production

2. Technological stages of soft extracts production: 1. Preparing of production 2. Preparation of herbal raw materials (milling, sifting) and extragent 3. Obtaining of liquid extract 4. Purification of liquid extract 5. Evaporation of solvent for extraction (extragent) 6. Standardization 7. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product.

3. Evaporation stage is included 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Manstruum evaporation 4. Drying of slightly evaporated extract 5. Standardization 6. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product Without evaporation stage 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Drying of liquid extract 4. Standardization 5. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production :

4. Methods obtaining of infusion while soft and dry extracts production: 1. Percolation 2. Repercolation 3. Bismaceration and its various modifications 4. Circulating extraction 5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating 6.Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors 7. Methods of extraction, includingmilling of raw materials in the environment of extragent, vortex extraction, extraction using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound, electrical discharges et al.

5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating

6. Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)

7. 1. Cube for distillation 2. Siphon tube 3. Extractor 4. Collector of condensate 5. Reflux -condenser Soxhlet apparatus

8. Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet) is repeated extraction of HRM by the circulating extragent. • There is the extragent in the cub and collector. • HRM is placedin the extractor and is poured on with an extragent just below the siphon tube. • After the imbibitions you have pass extragent through the raw and obtain infusion. • Than you have begin to heat up the extragent in the cube. • Vapours of the extragent are formed, raised in the reflux-condenser, where they condensates and go to collector. • Saturated extract again enters in the cube.

9. The process extraction in apparatus of Soxhlet is continued until the BAS are completely extracted and the extract in the flask is then processed. The advantage of this method: Large amounts of HRM can be extracted with a much smaller quantity of solvent. This effects tremendous economy in terms of time, energy and consequently financial inputs. At small scale, it is employed as a batch process only, but it becomes much more economical and viable when converted into a continuous extraction procedure on medium or large scale.

10. Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors HRM and extragent are continuously loaded into the extractor from opposite hopper and moving toward each other. The degree of exhaustion of HRM is governed by the length of the apparatus and unload speeds of HRM and extragent.

11. Equipment for Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors • Horizontal screw (helix) extractor • Vertical screw (helix) extractor • Disk extractor • Extractor with spring-blades

12. Hopper Inlet for extragent Outlet for extract Helix (screw) Inclined helix Horizontal screw extractor

13. Loading column Helix to combine Extractive column Inlet for extragent Outlet for extract Helix (screw) Vertical screw (helix) extractor

14. 1. Extractive tube 2, 5 Stars for movement of rope 3. Steam jacket 6. Rope to which perforated disks are attached 7. Perforated disks 8. Inlet for extragent 9. Hopper 10, 12 Collector of extragent 11. Outlet for extragent Disk extractor

15. Body Inlet for extragent Outlet for extract Camera is divided on the sections Drum with spring-blades Plates for hitting 10,11 hopper for HRM Extractor with spring-blades

16. Advantage of the methods • The most effective method to get a extract with a higher yield and lower cost • Used a relatively small amount of extragent • Ability to automate the process • Little amount of the equipment • Exclude the work of downloading of raw material

17. Methods of extracts purification 1. Boiling, then standing in cool place and filtering. 2. Boiling with adding of kaolin, then standing and filtering. 3. Alcohol-purification method: extract is evaporated to volume lees in twice, adding of Ethylic Alcohol 96 % in double amount, standing in cool place for 7 days. Transparent solution is poured off, alcohol is evaporated to obtaining soft extract.

18. Evaporation of extragent to soft extracts production • is process increasing extract viscosity by removing of the extragent by evaporation in the vacuum at the temperature about 50 - 60 °C. The state of art are cautious vacuum evaporation apparatus and evaporation temperatures not exceeding 55 C. The temperature in correlation with the evaporation time is of special importance for quality of this step of manufacture, if the extract contains easily volatile or thermo- labile constituents.

19. Equipment for evaporationof the extragent • The rotary directly flow apparatus • Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax • Foam evaporator

20. 1. Body (corp) 2. Inlet for liquid extract 3. Separation camera 4. To backing of drops 5. To vacuum 6. To dividing of extract on the flows 7. Scrapers (blades) 8. Steam jacket 9. Shaft (rotor) rotating 10. Outlet for soft extract The rotary directly flow apparatus

21. 1. Pump 2. Working capacity 3. Partition 4. Separator 5. Nipple for vapour 6. Devise for distribution 7. Inlet for liquid extract 8. Camera for evaporation 9. Ventilator 10. Nipple for condensed extract 11. Horizontal hot tubes Foam evaporator

22. 1. Flask-collector 2, 3 Tubes of the heater 4. Flask for circulating of drops and vapors of extragent 5. Trunk 6. Condenser 7. Inlet for liquid extract 8. Flask for extragent 9. Outlet for extragent 10. Circulating tube for vapors of extragent 12. Heater Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax

23. Equipment

24. Evaporation stage is included 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Manstruum evaporation 4. Drying of slightly evaporated extract 5. Standardization 6. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product Without evaporation stage 1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid extract 3. Drying of liquid extract 4. Standardization 5. Packing, packaging and labeling of final product The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production :

25. Drying

26. Dry extract obtained in laboratory

27. Drying of the extracts in the dry extracts production is the process of moisture removal to obtain solid or powdered product with a moisture content less than 5%. Drying of purified extracts can be fulfilled by two planes: 1) Drying of liquid extract without evaporation 2) Drying slightly condensed extract after the evaporation stage.

28. 1. Vacuum drying apparatus Slightly evaporated extract is placed on trays by thin layer and dried. Porous mass is obtained which is milled. 2. Vacuum roller dryers Slightly evaporated extract is placed on the hot rollers which rotate toward to each other. It is dried and milling simultaneous. Equipment for dryingof condensed extracts

29. Equipment for dryingof liquid extracts • Lyophilise or dye-sublimation drying - freeze dryers. • Spray dryer.

30. Freeze dryers

31. Equipment used to dry slightly condensed extracts • Cylindrical-vacuum drying 2. Vacuum-drying cupboard

32. Thanks