There are three economic benefits related to health impacts of improved water sanitation services (Hutton, 2013):

1. Water Shortage and Sanitation The Problem: Providing universal access to safe water and sanitation services could have prevented 1.9 million deaths and reduced global child mortality by 15% in 2004. In 2010, an estimated 2.5 billion people still lacked access to improved sanitation and 780 million to an improved water source” (Wolf et all. (2013). Here are some examples of reasons why people do not have access to basic sanitation: Sanitation: Even in areas where most households are getting water, not all of this water is clean and health problems are occurring. For example, in the Philippines, water is most commonly delivered through pipes and there is “positive correlation between diarrhea and piped-water prevalence”. Using pipes to provide water to more households should only be a solution if related health problems are not significant (Bennet, 2012). Agriculture: “Farming accounts for 71% of global water withdrawals” “projected to decline to 65% by 2030” “(Boccaletti, Grobbel, & Stuchtey, 2010). During a drought, irrigation fails to conserve water. The state of Texas suffered from a drought 10 years ago and the irrigation system still has not recovered. Irrigation systems are some of the least conservative water systems across the globe (Robinson, Michelsen, & Gollehon, 2010). The Solution: Of course there are many technologies, services, systems, and ideas that will help on the world’s recovery to sanitary drinking-water for all. Here are a couple examples of ways that the word can be spread. Business Opportunity in Conservation: Treatment plants, recycling or other water reducing technologies, and water regulation take people to run and new invented technologies to achieve. That is why the services surrounding the conservation and sanitation of water are such a business opportunity all over the globe. Since drought and debt have caused closures of many plants there is a need for more workers and new technologies to develop. The Business of water conservation will increase health, sanitation, and delivery all over the globe! (Boccaletti, Grobbel, & Stuchtey, 2010). Education: A University in Jordan did a study on student awareness of water shortage and sanitation problems in their country. Water shortage is a real problem in Jordan and the country has been in drought for the last 10 years. Still, according to the study 57% of students do not agree that water shortage is a significant topic and do not connect it with being a necessity for life. Only 35% of students thought that water conservation was important. (Damanhouri et all, 2012). Educating the public and University students will help spread awareness world-wide. The Results: Solving this global issue has resulted in economic success as well as less deaths overall. “The total economic benefits of achieving universal sanitation are 195 billion US dollars per year, while achieving universal access to drinking-water delivers benefits of 35 billion US dollars per year” (Hutton, 2013). Here are some other great things that the United Nations has achieved so far in solving the global issue of water shortage and sanitation: One of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals was to address sanitation and drinking-water worldwide but 2015. Up to date (as of 2012), sanitation services have been improved for 984 million people and drinking-water supply for 215 million people around the globe. Only 1.89 billion people to go until universal access to drinking-water is achieved! (Hutton, 2013). The UN will continue to work towards this number until the goal is completed and we can all help! There are three economic benefits related to health impacts of improved water sanitation services (Hutton, 2013): Less health care will be sought because there will be less health problems so money will be saved Less people will get sick and will have the opportunity to make money working instead of staying home sick Premature death will be averted

2. References • Bennett, D. (2012). Does clean water make you dirty? Water supply and sanitation in the Philippines. Journal of Human Resourceshttp://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ979180&site=ehost-live • Boccaletti, G. Grobbel, M., & Stuchtey, M.R. (2010). The business opportunity in water conservation. Mckinsey Quarterly. https://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=47918208&site=ehost-live • Damanhouri, M., Al-Saleem, B., & Al-Ali, Y., (2012). Leveal of Water Awareness at Some Jordanian Universities Student’s. Journal of Social Sciences.http://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=80239476&site=ehost-live • Hutton, G. (2013). Global costs and benefits of reaching universal coverage of sanitation and drinking-water supply. Journal of Water and Healthhttp://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=86181923&site=ehost-live • Lendon, B., (2013). Navy owes $1.5 million for damage to reef, Philippines says, CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/08/world/asia/navy-ship-philippine-reef/index.html • Maestu, J., (2013). Water trading and global water scarcity: International experiences. Taylor and Francis.  • Robinson, J.C., Michelsen, A.M., &Gollehon, N.R., (2010). Mitigating water shortages in a multiple risk environment. Water Policy.http://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48571683&site=ehost-live • UN News Centre, (2010). General Assembly declares access to clean water and sanitation is a human right. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=35456#.UYnMPLWG0rR • Wolf, J., Bonjour, S., & Pruss-Ustun, A., (2013). An exploration of multilevel modeling for estimating access to drinking-water and sanitation. Journal of Water & Health, 11 (1), 64-77. http://ezproxy.library.wwu.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=86181929&site=ehost-live