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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life. Chapter 4. Carbon Chemistry. Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon Carbon has 6 electrons; 2 in the first orbital level and 4 in the second What is the valence of Carbon? How many electrons does it need to be stable?

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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

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  1. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Chapter 4

  2. Carbon Chemistry • Organic Chemistry is the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon • Carbon has 6 electrons; 2 in the first orbital level and 4 in the second • What is the valence of Carbon? How many electrons does it need to be stable? • Will it form Ionic or Covalent bonds?

  3. Carbon is the backbone of life • The electron configuration of carbon give it the ability to covalently bond with many different elements

  4. Variations in Carbon Skeletons • Carbon can be bonded in a variety of structural forms • Isomers have the same molecular formula but have different structural arrangements • There are 3 types of isomers • Structural = variations in arrangement • Geometric = variations around a double bond • Enantiomers = variations around an asymmetric carbon ;easiest to recall as non-superimposable mirror images

  5. Functional Groups • Functional groups are regions of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions • Six are so frequently used that you will need to memorize them. Please know Figure 4.10 on Page 64-65 of your text.

  6. Additional Examples of Enantiomers • In Ibuprofen: S form is active in pain relief • In Albuterol: R form is the biologically active form for relief of asthma symptoms

  7. What is the valence of oxygen? • 2 • 6

  8. COOH and HOOC are enantiomers • true • false • Cannot determine

  9. Checklist • What are the functional groups? • Why is carbon the called the backbone? • What is organic chemistry? • What is the valence of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen? • What are the types of isomers?

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