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The Carolingian Age

The Carolingian Age. 750-900. Carolingians. Ambitious landowning nobles “mayor of the palace” Pepin Charles Martel Defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 Pepin the Short Pope Zachary’s approval  crown. Defender of Pope. Iconoclastic heresy Lombards “patricius of the Romans”

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The Carolingian Age

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  1. The Carolingian Age 750-900

  2. Carolingians • Ambitious landowning nobles • “mayor of the palace” • Pepin • Charles Martel • Defeated Muslims at Tours in 732 • Pepin the Short • Pope Zachary’s approval  crown

  3. Defender of Pope • Iconoclastic heresy • Lombards • “patricius of the Romans” • Donation of Pepin • Basis of Papacy’s claim to Papal States • Donation of Constantine • Rome + Italy from Constantine the Great

  4. Reign of Charlemagne • First great western secular ruler • Lombards  northern Italy • Song of Roland – epic poem • Ministerial kingship – king as God’s agent • Merovingian govt. structures • loyalty • commendation + benefice • tithe • missi dominici – special envoys who reported on conditions

  5. Emperor • Misconduct of Pope Leo III • Flees to Charlemagne • Restores Pope • Christmas day 800 - Emperor of the Romans • Ties to Pope • Authority to Charlemagne • Protection of Pope

  6. Succession • Kingdom for each son • Louis inherits throne

  7. Carolingian Renaissance • Improvement through education • Palace School • Miniscule – lower-case letters • Monastic schools • Basis of Western intellectual movement • Illuminated manuscripts

  8. Disintegration of Carolingian Empire • Fragile system • Feudal practices • Loyalty of nobles + force of emperor • Unified? • External threats • Saracens, Magyars, and Vikings

  9. Disintegration of Carolingian Empire • Louis • Indecisive • Succession problems • Sons w/ nobles revolt • Treaty of Verdun • West Franks, East Franks, Lotharingia

  10. Significance • Define state and role of Christian ruler • Religious reform • Cultural aspirations • Revival of empire • Role of papacy • Feudal practices for order

  11. Early Medieval England • Anglo-Saxons replace Romans • Augustine • Danelaw • Alfred the Great – stopped Viking expansion with Danegeld • Royal authority • Strong network of local govt. tied to king • Witan – assembly of great nobles and churchmen as reps • Shires – territorial units w/ sheriff, earl, bishop • Customary law

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