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The Fall of the Roman Republic

The Fall of the Roman Republic. Coach Crews World History. Section 2 Vocabulary Review – 10 Points. In early Rome, the ____ were wealthy landowners. The top officials in the early Roman republic were the two____. The main job of the ___ was to interpret the law as judges.

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The Fall of the Roman Republic

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  1. The Fall of the Roman Republic Coach Crews World History

  2. Section 2 Vocabulary Review – 10 Points • In early Rome, the ____ were wealthy landowners. • The top officials in the early Roman republic were the two____. • The main job of the ___ was to interpret the law as judges. • Most of Rome’s people were ___ who included artisans and shopkeepers. • A Roman ___ had complete control but ruled on a temporary basis.

  3. Vocabulary Review • Patricians • Consuls • Praetors • Plebians • Dictator

  4. Trouble in the Republic 1. Rome began facing problems at home • Officials began stealing money • Growing gap between the rich and the poor • Farmers in ruin • Cities became overcrowded and dangerous

  5. Trouble in the Republic 2. Rich vs. Poor • Many unhappy with the power of the Patricians • Farmers in debt • Unable to farm because they were fighting • Farms damaged by Hannibal • Latifundia – large farming estates • Slaves were used to farm these new estates • Farmers sold their land and moved to the city looking for work • “Bread and circuses” – cheap food and entertainment for the poor to win their votes

  6. Trouble in the Republic 3. Why Did Reform Fail? • Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus • These brothers asked government to buy the land and divide it among the landless • Many senators owned the land in question, both brothers would eventually be killed by bands of senators

  7. Trouble in the Republic 4. The Army Enters Politics • Marius becomes consul in 107 B.C. • Recruits soldiers by promising them land • Soldiers now paid, not volunteer, making them loyal to the general rather than the republic • Generals now into politics to get laws passed to benefit their soldiers

  8. Trouble in the Republic • A general named Sulla drove out other armies and declared himself dictator in 82 B.C. • Sulla changed the government • Weakened the Council of the Plebs • Strengthened the Senate • 50 years of civil wars • Men raised armies to seize power as Sulla had done • The stage is set for a military hero named Julius Caesar to seize power

  9. The Fall of the Republic Prove-It: • Give three reasons why Roman farmers were sinking into poverty and debt. • How did Marius change the Roman army? • How did the general Sulla change the Roman government when he became dictator after taking power in 82 B.C.?

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