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Study Guide Chapter 8

Study Guide Chapter 8. 1.  Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2.   Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Koppen system.

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Study Guide Chapter 8

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  1. Study Guide Chapter 8 1. Explain the difference between climate and weather. 2.   Describe the two atmospheric elements used in determining the Koppen classification system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Koppen system. 3.   According to the Koppen classification system describe a “A”, “B”"C", “D”, “E”, and “H” climate 4.   Describe the function of a climograph. 5.   Using a climograph identify the name of the area, the Koppen classification, latitude, longitude, average temperature for one year, average temperature for each month in degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit, precipitation for each month in inches and centimeters. 6.   Distinguish between empirical and genetic classification.

  2. Study Guide Continued • 7. What five items affect climate? Briefly explain each item. • 8.   Explain what the greenhouse effect is. What gases are involved. What is the most important greenhouse gas. • 9. What are some possible effects of the global warming. • 10. What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?

  3. Weather are short term measurements taken for a specific time and specific area. • Climate is a collection of weather data for a long period of time.

  4. Causes of Climate Change Astronomical variation in the earth’s orbit-Milankovitch’s predictions-glacial cycles Eccentricity cycle-ellipse to circular (100,000 year cycle) shape of orbit Obliquity cycle-tilt varies-41,000 year Precession cycle-time of perihelion 21,000 years

  5. Fig. 8-19, p. 222

  6. Fig. 8-19b, p. 222

  7. Changes in climate Changes in output of solar energy or transparency of outer space-11 year sunspot cycle

  8. Causes of climate change • Humans • Natural changes- volcano

  9. Causes of climate change • Changes in ocean-salinity, hot, cold water-glaciers • Changes in landmasses-continents in polar region- more glaciers-

  10. Fig. 8-15, p. 216

  11. Koppen classification • E=Polar • B=dry,arid, semiarid • C= Humid Mesothermal (mild winter) • D=Humid Microthermal (severe winter) _ • A=Humid tropical climates • H=Highlands

  12. The Koppen classification system precipitation and temperature.

  13. Pg. 230 E and B climate

  14. E=Polar Fig. 8-CO, p. 204

  15. Arid/Semiarid B Fig. 9-18, p. 252

  16. Fig. 9-14

  17. Fig. 9-15b, p. 249

  18. Fig. 9-20b, p. 253

  19. pg. 231C and D climate

  20. C= Mild winter Fig. 10-3, p. 261

  21. Fig. 10.1 Fig 10.1 Fig. 10.1

  22. Climograph

  23. D=Severe winter Fig. 10-19, p. 274

  24. Fig. 10-11b, p. 266

  25. Fig. 10-16

  26. Pg. 231 A climate

  27. A=Tropical Fig. 9-CO, p. 234

  28. Fig. 9-5

  29. Fig. 9-3b, p. 239

  30. Fig. 9-8a, p. 243

  31. Am- Tropical monsoon Fig. 9-9a, p. 244

  32. Fig. 9-10a, p. 245

  33. Aw- Tropical Savannah Fig. 9-13, p. 246

  34. Highlands H Fig. 8-14, p. 215

  35. Koppen Classification Every Temp <10 C E Yes No Yearly Precip. <89 cm. B Yes No Continued next page A Every Temp>18 C Yes

  36. Koppen Classification No One Temp <-3 C D Yes No C

  37. B climate • Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomena on earth. Global warming is the belief that human activities are influencing global climate. • Determine if you need to use even distribution, summer concentration, or winter concentration graph. (Graph 1) • Summer concentration- 70% of precipitation occurs from April-September • Winter concentration- 70% of rain occurs from October-March. • Even distribution- Does not fit summer or winter concentration

  38. The Koppen system classifies based on three letters. Each letter indicates certain precipitation and temperature values. • First letter flow chart • Second and third Appendix.

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