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Introduction to Process Technology

Introduction to Process Technology. Unit 4 Basic Physics. Objectives. TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) Describe application of physical and mechanical systems Describe career oportunities Apply design concepts

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Introduction to Process Technology

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  1. Introduction to Process Technology Unit 4 Basic Physics

  2. Objectives • TLW understand physical and mechanical systems and related careers: (TEKS 9.A. - 9.D) • Describe application of physical and mechanical systems • Describe career oportunities • Apply design concepts • Identify emerging issues with these systems

  3. Today’s Agenda • What is Physics? • Properties and Structure of Matter • Temperature Transfer • Temperature and Evaporation • Physics Laws • Fluid Flow

  4. What is Physics? • Physics is the study of force on matter and energy • Matter – something that has mass and volume • Energy – anything that causes matter to change, but does not have properties of matter

  5. Why Physics is Important to Proc Techs • Explains the basic principles of the equipment they use on a day-to-day basis. Examples – • Allows them to understand the processes used to convert raw products to end products

  6. Why Physics is Important to Proc Techs • Allows them to understand how to troubleshoot the process or to identify a problem and then solve the problem • Allows them to understand how the process affects other processes downstream

  7. Conservation of Matter • Matter cannot be created or destroyed; only changed • Matter is considered to be indestructible

  8. Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or destroyed; only changed • Energy is considered to be indestructible

  9. States of Energy • Potential – energy in a stored state • Kinetic – energy in an active state (energy of motion or velocity)

  10. Structure of Matter • Atoms – smallest unit of an element • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons • Molecule – substance comprised of 2 or more atoms

  11. Structure of Matter (Continued) • Atomic Number • Atomic Weight

  12. Matter and its States • Solids • Liquids • Gases & Vapors • Plasma

  13. Extensive Properties of Matter • Mass • Weight • Volume • Length

  14. Intensive Properties of Matter • Density • Specific Gravity • Buoyancy • Viscosity

  15. Intensive Properties of Matter • Inertia • Force • Pressure

  16. Intensive Properties of Matter • Elasticity • Speed / Velocity • Friction

  17. Heat Transfer • British Thermal Unit (BTU) – English System • Calorie – Metric System

  18. Heat Transfer • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

  19. Heat Transfer • Specific Heat • Latent Heat • Sensible Heat • Superheated

  20. Temperature and State Changes • Temperature • Boiling • Evaporation • Melting

  21. Boiling Point • The temperature of a liquid when its vapor pressure = the surrounding pressure • Vapor pressure • A measure of a liquid’s volatility and tendency to form a vapor • A function of the physical and chemical properties of the liquid

  22. Relationship of Boiling Point/vapor pressure/ surrounding pressure • Liquids w/ High VP – Low BP • Liquids w/ Low VP – High BP • As surrounding Pressure increases, then BP of liquid increases

  23. Temperature and State Changes • Condensing • Freezing • Sublimation

  24. Temperature Scales • Fahrenheit - oF • Celsius - oC • Kelvin - oK = oC + 273 • Rankine - oR = oF + 460

  25. Pressure Gauge Measurement • Gauge Pressure (psig) – pressure measured with respect to sea level. Any pressure above atmospheric. • Pressure due to atmosphere = 14.7 PSIA • PSIG = PSIA - 14.7 • Absolute Pressure (psia) = Gauge pressure + atmospheric • PSIG + 14.7 • Vacuum Pressure (psiv) < 14.7

  26. Atmospheric pressure – Conversion factors • 14.7 psi • 760 mm Hg • 29.92 in Hg

  27. Vapor Pressure – higher bond strength, the lower the vapor pressure • Boiling Point – lower the vapor pressure, higher the boiling point. Increase the pressure, increase the boiling point • Melting Point • Freezing Point

  28. To the Textbook • Chapter 10 – Basic Physics (pages 130 – 155) • Read pages 130 – 136 • Answer questions 1 – 14 on pages 152 - 154

  29. Physics Laws • Boyle’ Law • Charles’ Law • Gay-Lussac’s Law • General (Ideal) Gas Law • Dalton’s Law • Bernoulli’s Law

  30. NASA Video

  31. NASA Video

  32. General Gas Law • P1V1 = P2V2 n1T1 n2T2

  33. Why Attention to Pressure is Important Working with vacuums Tanker Implodes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zz95_VvTxZM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Overpressure situation

  34. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

  35. Bernoulli Principle

  36. Bernoulli’s Principle

  37. Fluid Flow • Laminar Flow • Turbulent Flow

  38. Laminar Flow

  39. Turbulent Flow

  40. Turbulent flow

  41. Factors Affecting Flow • Viscosity • Friction • Obstructions

  42. Gas Laws and Flow Principles in Action • Balloon Rockets – Conceptual Physics lab manual pages 55 & 56 • Incorporate the 8 Principles of Engineering Design link • Work up preliminary sketches prior to launch • Write up observations and learnings

  43. Summary • Chapter 10 – questions 15 – 25 pages 154 & 155 • Homework – Worksheets from college manual • Activity – Floating Egg (textbook page 155)

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