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“All for One and One for All”

“All for One and One for All”. Comments on the FAO Food Security Index Elliot M Berry, MD, FRCP Visiting Expert in Nutrition, ESN FAO, Rome and Braun School of Public Health, Jerusalem. The Three Key Messages for World Food Day 16 October 2013.

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“All for One and One for All”

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  1. “All for One and One for All” Comments on the FAO Food Security Index Elliot M Berry, MD, FRCP Visiting Expert in Nutrition, ESN FAO, Rome and Braun School of Public Health, Jerusalem

  2. The Three Key Messages forWorld Food Day 16 October 2013 • Good Nutrition depends on Healthy Diets • Healthy diets require Healthy Food Systems – along with education, health, sanitation and other factors • Healthy Food Systems are made possible by appropriate policies, incentives and governance Question: How to assess and monitor Sustainable Healthy Food Systems?

  3. The Elements of Food (In)Security Indicators Level Food Balance Sheets Volatility Indices Availability National *Global Nutritional Index Waste Household Consumption & Expenditure Surveys Diet Diversity Accessibility Household Waste Diet Assessment Utilization Individual Anthropometry Biomarkers Health Stats And many, many more… Coping Food Secure Positive Coping Negative Chronic Food Insecurity PoU FIES Temporary Food Insecure Time Stability Vulnerability

  4. So why do we need another index??? How different are they? How do they overlap? “Of making many Indices there is no end....” Food Security as an example Pangaribowo et al : Foodsecure, 2013 Maxwell et al. Tufts Univ, 2013

  5. … Stability is not covered by any of them Accessibility Availability Are all 4 elements of Food Security equal, or are some more equal than others...?? Problem of Weightings & Analytic Hierarchy Process Stability Key: FAOIU – FAO Indicators of Undernourishment GHI – Global Hunger Index GFSI – Global Food Security Index PHI – Poverty & Hunger Index HRCI – Hunger Reduction Commitment Index AI – Anthropometric Indicators DDS – Dietary Diversity Score MBI – Medical & Biomarker Indicators Utilization Food and Nutritional Security Indicators: a review. Pangaribowoet al eds, Foodsecure, 2013

  6. The Problem of Weightings (Wt) in FAO Food Security Index

  7. Some additions to the Proposed Food Security Index FAO Utilization Missing @ level of Household/ Individ Food Safety, Losses & Waste Availability Physical Utilization Missing data for micronutrients Vulnerable groups, Pregnancy, HIV, elderly... Access Economic Sustainability Sustainability Outcomes Health Status Obesity BMI NCDs, CVD, Diabetes, Cancer Utilization Outcomes Stability/ Vulnerability Food Insecurity Coping Coping

  8. “All for One and One for All” FAO Food Security Index – For the Future (1) • Data Collection • Standardization of Methodology, • High Frequency to capture seasonality and vulnerability • GPS and Mobile Phone Technology • Cost • Choice of Suite of Indicators • Problem of Weightings and Evolution of the 4 elements of FS • Appropriate to the Level – National, Household, Individual and Target Populations • At-risk groups: early life malnutrition, elderly, HIV, poor.. • To add Losses & Waste, Food Safety, Micronutrients • Health Outcomes: BMI, NCDs... • Coping Strategies – Cultural Dependency • Sustainability Elliot.Berry @ fao.org; Elliotb @ ekmd.huji.ac.il

  9. “All for One and One for All” FAO Food Security Index – For the Future (2) • Data Analysis and Presentation • Ability to Aggregate & Disaggregate data • Between Countries (Fixed) and Within countries (Flexible) • Geo-spatial methodologies • Monitoring & Evaluation • Validity (corresponds accurately) – problem of ‘gold standard’ • Reproducibility (test-retest) • Cross-cultural comparability • Predictive Power • Conclusion: FAO as the natural, “neutral broker” to lead & coordinate a comprehensive Food Security Index along the whole Sustainable Healthy Food System – from Farm to Fork Elliot.Berry @ fao.org; Elliotb @ ekmd.huji.ac.il

  10. Some Questions for Sustainable Food Security / Systems (SFS) At National Level • Under what framework to integrate the many discipline - Agriculture, Health, Environment – involved in Sustainability? • How can Bio-Technology / Bio-Fortification help improve Food Security? • How will external issues affect Food Security – such as a) Globalization; b) Urbanization; c) Biodiversity; d) Climate change? • What should be the criteria for incorporating & prioritizing short and long-term SFS in national policies At Household Level • How can communication and information technology be used to improve data collection? • What strategies can a) Increase and improve food production; b) Facilitate access ; c) Reduce food losses and waste? At Individual Level • How to best assess SFS for different groups – farmers, rural women, consumers, special needs vulnerable groups? • Use of Mobile Phones for monitoring Food Security • How to improve Behaviour change (education) and Coping skills in culturally sensitive ways?

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