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Ajay Chaudry, The Urban Institute

Ajay Chaudry, The Urban Institute. The Demographics of Children in Immigrant Families. “Immigrant Children: Caught in the Crossfire” The Annie E. Casey Foundation Baltimore, June 23, 2008. 40 Million + (2010). 37.5 Million (2006). 14.8 Percent. 13 + Percent (2010). 12.5 Percent

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Ajay Chaudry, The Urban Institute

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  1. Ajay Chaudry, The Urban Institute • The Demographics of • Children in Immigrant Families “Immigrant Children: Caught in the Crossfire” The Annie E. Casey Foundation Baltimore, June 23, 2008

  2. 40 Million + (2010) 37.5 Million (2006) 14.8 Percent 13 + Percent (2010) 12.5 Percent (2006) 4.7 Percent 37.5 Million Immigrants Total:12.5% of U.S. Population

  3. Over 1 in 5 U.S. Children Have Immigrant Parents Share of U.S. Children under Age 18 Children of Immigrants Born in U.S. Foreign-Born Sources: Urban Institute Tabulations from 2005 CPS, March Demographic and Economic Supplement; 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Census Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS). Note: Children of Immigrants have at least one parent born outside the United States. Immigrants exclude individuals born in Puerto Rico.

  4. 2/3 of Immigrants Lived in 6 States, 2000 6 Main Destination States (75% of immigrants in 1990 and 67% in 2000) Immigration Categories

  5. 22 States Grew Faster than “Big 6” from 1990 to 2000 6 Main Destination States (75% of immigrants in 1990, 67% in 2000) 22 New Growth States (1990-2000 > 91%) Top 10 Growth States 1990-2000 (135-274%) Immigration Categories

  6. States with the Fastest Growing Immigrant Populations, 2000-2005 THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. Percent Growth in Foreign-Born Population, 2000-2005 US Avg. 15% (U.S. Census, 2000, & American Community Survey, 2005)

  7. Half of U.S. Immigrants from Latin America, A Quarter from Asia Mexico 11.5 million (31%) Other Latin America 8.5 million (23%) Africa & West Indies 1.4 million (4%) Europe, Canada, Australia 6 million (16%) Asia 10 million (27%) 37.5 Million Foreign-Born (2006 U.S. American Community Survey)

  8. Definitions • Legal permanent residents = noncitizens admitted for permanent residency (“green card” holders) • Undocumented immigrants = entered illegally or overstayed visas • Naturalized citizens = immigrants who have become U.S. citizens after passing the citizenship test • Refugees - admitted for “well founded fear of persecution”

  9. 3 in 10 U.S. Immigrants Are Unauthorized Unauthorized immigrants (11.1 million) 30% Refugees (2.6 million) 7% Legal temporary residents (1.3 million) 3% Legal permanent residents (LPR) (10.5 million) 28% Naturalized citizens (11.5 million) 31% 37 Million Foreign-Born in 2005 (Passel 2006)

  10. Most Children of ImmigrantsAre U.S. Born Citizens 73.9 Million Children in 2005 (March 2005 Current Population Survey, Imputed)

  11. Mixed Status Families • 1+ Non-Citizen Adults and 1+ Citizen Children • 9.6 Million U.S. Children • 13% of all U.S. Children60% of Kids in Immigrant Families 84% of Kids in Non-Citizen Families • In Legal Immigrant (LPR) Families --86% of Kids are Citizens!! (March 2005 Current Population Survey, Imputed)

  12. Young Children of Immigrants (0-5) Most Likely to be U.S. Citizens Percent U.S.-Born Citizens (March 2004 Current Population Survey)

  13. Poverty is Increasing among Children of Immigrants Percent of K-12 Students in Families Below 100% of Poverty African-American children* Children of immigrants White, not Hispanic children* * Includes children of both immigrants and natives. Source: Van Hook & Fix (2000); Urban Institute tabulations from C2SS PUMS. Excludes Puerto Ricans.

  14. Within Two-Parent Families Immigrant Children are Poorer Share of group in families with incomes below 100% of federal poverty level (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  15. Mexican, Central American, Southeast Asian and African Children Have Highest Poverty Rates Share with family income below 100% of Federal Poverty Level (2005 American Community Survey)

  16. Young Children of Immigrants Least Likely to Be in Single Parent Families Percent Living in Single Parent Families (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  17. Immigrant Families with Limited English Proficient Adults Are Poorer Los Angeles New York City 69% 59% 33% 33% (Los Angeles New York City Immigrant Survey, 1999-2000 )

  18. 1/3 of Young Children of Immigrants (0-5) Are Linguistically Isolated (2000 Census, 5 percent PUMS)

  19. THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. 2/3 of LEP Children’s Incomes below School Lunch Threshold, 1/2 Have Parents with less than High School (U.S. Census, 2000)

  20. Children of Immigrants Have High Levels of Economic Hardship (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  21. Children of Immigrants FaceGreater Food & Health Problems Percent of Children (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  22. Children of Immigrants GetLess Assistance with Problems Percent of Children (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  23. Immigrant Parents Also Lack Needed Services (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  24. Foreign-Born Children Lack Health Care Access (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

  25. Children with Working Immigrant Parents Less Likely in Center-based Care Share of children under age 6 in center-based child care (2002 National Survey of America’s Families)

  26. Children with Least Educated Parents Least Likely in Center-based Care Share of children under age 6 in center-based child care Source: 2002 National Survey of America’s Families.

  27. For more information,contact: • Ajay Chaudry • Director, • Center on Labor, • Human Services, and Population • Urban Institute • 2100 M St., NW • Washington, DC 20037 achaudry@ui.urban.org (202) 261-5411

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