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Lab 2: GIS Data Models

Learn about GIS data models in ArcGIS, including Vector, Raster, and TIN, and how they represent real-world objects. Explore the difference between data structures and models, and understand Shapefile, Coverage, and Geodatabase data models. Discover the importance of topology in GIS data modeling. Practice data model conversion using ArcToolbox for better spatial analysis techniques.

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Lab 2: GIS Data Models

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  1. Lab 2: GIS Data Models YingjieHu

  2. Objectives • Understanding GIS data models • Manipulating the data models supported in ArcGIS

  3. Data Models • An abstraction of the objects in the real world • Points --> trees • Lines --> roads • Image --> elevation (Digital Elevation Model)

  4. Data Models • Vector • Points, lines, areas • discrete, but can be used for continuous • Raster • Grid cells with one value per cell • Continuous • TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network ) • a series of triangles with each node having an xyz • representing surface

  5. Data Structures vs. Data Models • Data model • set of constructs for describing and representing selected aspects of the real world in the computer. • Data structure • How the data model actually stored on computers • The same data model can be expressed in different data structures • E.g. both CAD data and ArcGIS Shapefile can represent the vector data model

  6. Data models in ArcGIS • ArcGIS supports the three GIS data models (vector, raster, and TIN) • ArcGIS also provides three specific data models • Shapefile • Coverage • Geodatabase

  7. Data models in ArcGIS • Shapefile • Vector model • A single geographic feature type (counties, roads, cities, etc.) • Does not have topology

  8. Data models in ArcGIS • Coverage • Vector model • Contains multiple geographic feature types, and each type is a feature class (counties, roads, cities). Different feature classes share the same theme. • Have topology

  9. Data models in ArcGIS • Geodatabase • Vector and Raster • Multiple feature classes • Feature datasets, relationship classes, topologies, networks, etc.

  10. Data model conversion • ArcToolbox • Raster --> Polyline • Raster --> Polyline--> Coverage

  11. To Hand in • Hand in through Gauchospace • The question sheet, with typed answers • One map of Santa Barbara roads and contours • Due: Next Wednesday (Feb. 1st)

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