Early Industry and Inventions

Early Industry and Inventions Manufacturing, Transportation, Communication, and Farming

Jump Start • Get a reading off of the front table • Read the section “Free Enterprise and Factories” • Mark/circle/highlight all people, places, and things • Make the three columns with the works found

5 W’s & H • Who was involved? • What did they do/invent? • Where did they have the most influence? • When did this take place? • Why did they do/invent what they did? • How did it effect the country?

Industrial Revolution • Up until the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing was done in the home • Farm families produced what they needed • This was known as the cottage industry • In the 1700’s, Britain jumped ahead of the U.S. in industrial production • 1705- steam engine • Britain carefully guarded their secret…why do you think they would do this?

Begins in the U.S. • 1789- Samuel Slater came to the U.S. from Britain with plans for a water powered textile mill in his head • What region would be good for water powered mills? Why? • Progress was slow until the Embargo Act of 1807 • How did this help?

Factory System • The factory system had many workers under one roof working at machines. • Many people left farms and moved to the city to work in factories. • They wanted the money that factories paid. • This change was not always for the better. • In what ways would industrialization be negative?

Factories Come to New England • New England was a good place to set up factories • Had many fast-moving rivers • Ships for quick transport of goods • Willing labor force

The Lowell Mills Hire Women • In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts • The factory spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth. • “Lowell girls” lived in boardinghouses supervised by older women • Strict rules • Forced church attendance • Worked over 12 hours a day in extremely loud factories

Think-Pair-Share • How did the Industrial Revolution develop in the United States and what type of change did it generate? • Pg. 325-326

Inventions: Changes in production, Transportation, and Communication Interchangeable Parts, Steamboat, Telegraph, Cotton Gin

Interchangeable Parts • The first interchangeable parts were created by Eli Whitney • Military hired him to make 10,000 muskets…would take 2 years! • Interchangeable parts- Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product • Whitney created muskets with exactly the same parts, so any part would fit any gun • Factories began producing matching parts to many products • Sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers.

The Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin • The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand • From 1 to 50 lbs per day • Resulted in cotton as a viable cash crop • Increased the need for more land and slaves

Think-Pair-Share • How did industrialization in the North and the invention of the cotton gin in the South lead to increased sectionalism? • Pg. 332-334

Steamboat • Some inventions increased production BUT others improved transportation and communication • 1807- Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current and the wind • Clermont • The steamboat created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers.

The Telegraph • 1837- telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse • Sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire • Took only seconds to communicate with another city • The invention of the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other

Think-Pair-Share • How did developments in communication and transportation impact growth, development, and urbanization of the U.S.? • Pg. 328-329

Early Industry and Inventions