1 / 32

Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution (Moeller Chapter 5)

Geography 3432 Environment and Health. Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution (Moeller Chapter 5). Context Body’s response to air pollution CACs CAC health effects CAC trends CAC sources Indoor air pollution Control Regulation. Context. acute and chronic effects

crevan
Download Presentation

Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution (Moeller Chapter 5)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Geography 3432Environment and Health Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution(Moeller Chapter 5) • Context • Body’s response to air pollution • CACs • CAC health effects • CAC trends • CAC sources • Indoor air pollution • Control • Regulation Geog 3432

  2. Context • acute and chronic effects • 1930 Belgium 60 died – zinc smelter, sulfuric acid factory + atmospheric inversion (cold, damp) • 1952 London 4000 died – coal • 8 % Americans suffer chronic bronchitis, emphysema or asthma caused or aggravated by air pollution • heart disease and air pollution (Global news) Divx version Geog 3432

  3. Body’s Response • water soluble – typically removed quickly by body (via upper airway) – e.g., sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde • less soluble – penetrate lungs/alveoli – e.g., nitrogen dioxide, ozone Geog 3432

  4. Removal of Toxins from Respiratory System Questions • Name some ways our bodies remove the pollutants we inhale? • What doesn’t get removed and why? pm 2.5 Source: NASA Geog 3432

  5. Body’s Response to Particulates • particle size associated with “region” reached • interpret graph from Moeller below • slow deep breathing = more deposition than fast shallow deep vs shallow breathing Particles removed pm 2.5 (bronchiolar and alveolar regions) Geog 3432

  6. Criteria Air Contaminants (CACs) • Total Particulate Matter (TPM), • PM10 • PM2.5 • Sulphur Oxides (SOx) • Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) • Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) • Carbon Monoxide (CO) Geog 3432

  7. Health Effects of CACs • carbon monoxide – reduces O2 delivery, very serious to cardiovascular/lung disease sufferers • nitrogen oxides – lung irritant, affects immune system – increased susceptibility to infection • sulfur oxides – similar to ozone • VOCs - cancer as well as adverse neurological, reproductive, and developmental effects • particulates – repiratory function, very serious to cardiovascular/lung disease sufferers 30,000 excess deaths in US (ref: 26,000 die from flu) • ozone – at ground: damages lung tissue, reduces lung function, asthmatics particularly vulnerable – atmosphere = protective – re: skin cancer Geog 3432

  8. Sources of Air Pollutants • Question – what are the major sources of air pollution – make a ranked list. See spreadsheet for details in following charts Geog 3432

  9. Sources of CACs Geog 3432

  10. Industrial vs Other Sources of CACsCanada Geog 3432

  11. CACs and Non CACs from Industrial Sources Source: NPRI 2008 Geog 3432

  12. PM2.5 source: http://www.airqualityontario.com/science/pollutants/particulates.cfm • residential wood burning accounts for large volumes of particulates • over 50% likely transboundary from the U.S. Geog 3432

  13. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  14. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  15. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  16. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  17. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  18. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  19. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  20. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  21. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  22. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  23. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  24. CACs Over Time Geog 3432

  25. Ground Level Ozone Formation Geog 3432

  26. Ground-Level Ozone 24hr Pattern Geog 3432

  27. Energy Consumption Increasing Geog 3432

  28. Indoor Air Pollution • 80-90% of time spent indoors • may have largest pollution impact on human health • same as outdoor but longer exposure with addition: • moulds, and bacteria – e.g. legionnaires disease • asbestos • tobacco smoke • radon Geog 3432

  29. Control of Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollution • dilution – e.g. super stacks, not good long-term • substitution/elimination – e.g, nuclear vs coal power, electric vs gasoline vehicles • reduction – e.g., increase efficiency • air cleaning technology – e.g., stack scrubbers • design – re: indoor – plastic barriers, more air flow • ventilation – re: indoor • behavioural – reduce consumption (not just tobacco) Geog 3432

  30. Efficiency from Technology? Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/canenv.html Geog 3432

  31. Regulating Air Pollution • “controlled” by standards not legislation • guidelines set by provinces not binding • province/feds share responsibility • provinces ultimately implement • CCME pivotal • much provincial discretion ultimately Geog 3432

  32. Regulating Indoor Air Pollution • Question: what special challenges do regulators face trying to reduce the impacts of indoor air pollution on health? Geog 3432

More Related