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BIOPHYSICS is becoming BIOENGINEERING (in the 21st century) Dobilas KIRVELIS

BIOPHYSICS is becoming BIOENGINEERING (in the 21st century) Dobilas KIRVELIS LMS, kb. LAISVIEJI http://dobilas.kirvelis.lt,dobilas @ kirvelis .lt. Baltic Biophysics  Conference .......................... Kaunas, Lithuania , 4-5 October 2018. What is bioengineering

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BIOPHYSICS is becoming BIOENGINEERING (in the 21st century) Dobilas KIRVELIS

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  1. BIOPHYSICS is becoming BIOENGINEERING(in the 21st century) Dobilas KIRVELIS LMS, kb.LAISVIEJI http://dobilas.kirvelis.lt,dobilas@kirvelis.lt Baltic Biophysics  Conference .......................... Kaunas, Lithuania, 4-5 October 2018

  2. What is bioengineering in the 21st century? Bioengineering is the scientific explanation, creative application of biological phenomena as technology, by physico-chemistry mathematical methods, of the empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. The term engineering is derived from the Latiningenium, meaning „cleverness“ and ingeniare, meaning "to contrive, devise".

  3. TheLiving World Biological Evolution is a continuous bioengineering creativity

  4. Each biological species is a special bio-technological system to survive, i.e. successfully deal, effectively combat the entropy by bio-informatics technologies (genetics, hormones, and nerves) in certain ecological conditions. Therefore the System Biophysics, in the 21-st is recommended to call bioengineering, because engineering thinking is indispensable for both – in Synthetic Biology (engineering) and in research for Analysis-by-Synthesis method.

  5. LIFE Living Systems BIOSYSTEMS EVOLUTION in the general Cosmo-Chemo-Bio-Socio scheme of the World Evolution ~0.5 109 y. ago EMERGENCE of animals with nerve networks for inform. processingand control ~2 109 y. ago EMERGENCEof multicellular organisms with hormones for informational control ~200 106 y. ago EMERGENCEof warm-blooded animals with neocortex for analysis by synthesis, inform. processing, thinking, creation, generation of information, anticipatory control ~3.8 109 y. ago START of the PHENOMENON ofc-l coding-decod, technology, control, genetic information, creativity as info-production, that result in technodevelopment – BIOEVOLUTION ~1.5 106 y. ago EMERGENCE of fire-stone technology, succeeded by bronze technology,…, industrial, information, knowledge, or (?) creative society

  6. System Biophysics asBioengineering Each biological species is a special bio-technological system to survive, i.e. successfully deal, effectively combat the entropy by bio-informatics technologies (genetics, hormones, and nerves) in certain ecological conditions. What, in the twentieth century was called the System Biophysics, in the 21st is recommended to call bioengineering, because engineering thinking is indispensable for both – in Synthetic Biology and in research for Analysis-by-Synthesis method.

  7. Life sciences are not only biophysics but also bioinformatics and biotechnology BIOINFORMATICS and BIOTECHNOLOGY 1956

  8. Living CELL as a FACTORY As the LIVING CELL 1956 1998 – USA NRC PROGRAM

  9. The Gamof's letter to M. Yčas RNA-DNA-PROTEIN coding paradigm! George Gamow (1904-1968) Martynas Yčas (1917-2014)

  10. 1956 „Kalbant apie informacijos saugojimą ir perdavimą gyvojoje ląstelėje, visada norisi ląstelę lyginti su didele gamykla. Čia ląstelės branduolys atlieka valdytojo kontoros funkciją, iš kur ir yra vykdomas gamyklos valdymas, o chromosomos – yra tos patalpos, kur laikomi visi brėžiniai, kalkės ir gamybos planai. Tada citoplazma – ne kas kita kaip cechai su darbininkais ir mašinomis, kurie gamina produkciją; ši produkcija yra, be abejonės, fermentai, katalizuojantys įvairias biochemines reakcijas. Jeigu su informacija, patalpinta chromosomose, kas nors atsitinka, tai to pasėkoje sutrinka tam tikro fermento veikla. Pažvelkime, pavz. fermento, katalizuojančio tam tikro spalvinio regėjimo pigmento sintezę. Jeigu ta chromosomos dalis, kuri valdo to pigmento sintezę kažkaip tai pažeista, tai fermentas neatliks pilnaverčių poveikių ir nebus pigmento su reikiamomis funkcinėmis savybėmis. To rezultate individas nesugebės skirti tam tikrų spalvų.“ CITOZIN GUANIN TIMIN ADENIN

  11. AUTOPOIESIS PARADIGM (1972) The term autopoiesis (from Greek αὐτo- (auto-), meaning 'self', and ποίησις (poiesis), meaning 'creation, production') refers to a system capable of reproducing and maintaining itself. The term was introduced in 1972 by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela to define the self-maintaining chemistry of living cells. Since then the concept has been also applied to the fields of cognition, systems theory and sociology. Humberto Maturana(1928) andFrancisco Varela(1946-2001)

  12. The „machine metaphor“ was proposed by René Descartes in the L'homme,1664 Descartes held that non-human animals could be reductively explained as automata — De homine, 1662

  13. The National Research Council of the USA STRATEGIC PROGRAM for 2012-2020 2002 1998

  14. CONVERGENCE Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno (NBIC) TECHNOLOGIES

  15. The National Research Council of the USA STRATEGIC PROGRAM for 2012-2030

  16. 2009 “...Conceptually, biology is becaming technology, and physically – Vice Versa– technology is becaming biology...”

  17. Molecular and Cell Biology 2009

  18. Decade ago, ln ~ 2009

  19. BIOLOGY is TECHNOLOGY Robert Carlson Harvard University Press, 2010 Best Books of 2010, The Economist "Sophisticated, clear, and eye-opening", Favorite Books of 2010, ForeignPolicy.com "Essential Reading", American Scientist & Chemistry World

  20. Making Perfect LIFE in 21th Century Bio-Engineering In 2012 have seen the emergence of a new engineering approach to life which is driven by an increasing convergence of the physical and the biological sciences in terms of two bio-engineering megatrends – „Biology is becoming Technology, and - Vice Versa – Technology is becoming Biology“. 2012

  21. EUROPE UNION, 2012

  22. David GOODSELL 2009 2013

  23. The CELL‘s MECHANISMS for Bioengineering

  24. James Grier MILLER (1916-2002)

  25. James Grier MILLER The ORGANISM as Cosmic Station

  26. PRINCETON POWWOW: RNA WORLD'S LAST HURRAH? SARA IMARI WALKER (NASA, 2013) The Algorithmic Origins of Life Authors:Sara I. Walker, Paul W. Davies "I think we need to move away from treating a strict RNA world scenario as the central accepted answer for the origin of life”. “The secret of life won't be cooked up in a chemistry lab.!” Walker thinks – “Biological systems are dictated by the flow of information . . . how information is handled and processed can distinguish living from nonliving.”

  27. SYSTEMS BIOPHYSICS: THE FUNDAMENTALS of the ORGANYZED SYSTEMS (Cybernetics) SYSTEMS BIOPHYSICS “.. If the matter is organized and alive, a special force should be operating that connects, controls the matter and makes it alive. We shall name this force organic,organizing force. “ A. Sniadecki, ”The theory of organic beings”, Wilno, 1804.

  28. In 1804, Sniadecki claimed, that living organism are controlled by organic - organizing forces. Today, the organic forces we call Gibbs free energy, and the organizing forces– as the information, as maintaining the system's operational order that is it control or management.

  29. ABSTRACT MATHEMATICAL, VIRTUAL, INFORMATION or SYMBOLIC PROCEDURES MATERIAL MATTER & ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS DECODER CONTROL Informational Virtual V Subystem Material M Subsystem REFLECT IONS Rules MEASURES CODER MATTER TRANSFORMATIONS (CHEMISTRY) ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS (PHYSICS) PHENOTYPE ==========GENOTYPE BRAIN ==========CONSCIOUSNESS BODY ========== SOUL HARDWARE ==========SOFTWARE ORGANIZATION========== MANAGEMENT BIOSPHERE ==========NOOSPHERE INFORMATIONAL CONTROL PROCEDURES (CYBERNETICS, INFORMATICS) SIGNALS ======== INFORMATION INFORMATIONAL CLOSED-LOOP CODING-DECODING (CL-CD) PROCEDURES D.Kirvelis. Biological evolution anticipates the social development towards creative society

  30. BIO-SOCIO-TECHNO EVOLUTION to DIGITAL Bio-SYNTHESIS

  31. NBICE (Lithuania) & NBIC (USA) popular conceptual schemes

  32. LITHUANIA Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno-Eco-Eco technologicalconvergence

  33. SOCIO-TECHNOLOGINIO PROGRESO RAIDOS EPOCHOS BIOINŽINERINĖS KŪRYBOS EPOCHA INFORMACIJOS EPOCHA POST-INDUSTRINĖ EPOCHA INDUSTRINĖ EPOCHA AGROKULTŪROS EPOCHA Prieš 4000 metų 1740 1960 1995 2025 2050 2075?? The EVOLUTION of the SOCIAL-TECHNOLOGICAL EPOCHS

  34. TECHNOLOGIJŲ KAITA SUKELIA REFORMACIJA - REFORMIZMAS – TRASHUMANIZMAS – POSTHUMANIZMAS Social-Kultūrinių kaitų “Bangas”, kurios vyksta neatsiejamai nuo IDEOLOGIJŲ KAITOS (After Andy Allan, The Three Epochs of Humanity, 2015) KIEKYBĖ VIRSTA NAUJA KOKYBE – tai SINGULERUMAS– gims NAUJOS ŽMOGAUS RASĖS – o tai jau POSTHUMANIZMAS

  35. The Three Epochs of Humanity – h+ The Three Epochs of Humanity ... authors Andy Allan, 2015

  36. The evolution of the Information and Singularity Artificial Intelligence technologies after (R. Kurzweil) SINGULARITY HIPERBOLIC REGRESION Singularity

  37. R. Kurzweil technological singularity, 2008 CREATIVE SOCIETY CREATIVE CLASS CREATIVITY individual D.Kirvelis. Biological evolution anticipates the social development towards creative society

  38. MOKSLAS ir TECHNOLOGIJOS JAU ĮGALINA KONSTRUOTI IR GAMINTI NAUJAS ŽMONIŲ RASES

  39. STEM Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM),previously Science, Math, Engineering and Technology (SMET), is a term used to group together these academic disciplines. This term is typically used when addressing education policy and curriculum choices in schools to improve competitiveness in science and technology development. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy. The acronym came into common use shortly after an interagency meeting on science education held at the US National ScienceFoundation A director from the Office of Science division of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientistssuggested the change from the older acronym METS to STEM. One of the first NSF projects to use the acronym was STEMTEC, the Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Teacher Education Collaborative at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, which was founded in 1998.

  40. From STEM to STEAM: From STEMtoSTEAM (Science- Technolgy- Engineering- Arts- Mathematics), strategies for enhancing and the development of children‘s and youth Bioengineering & Bioechnology Education

  41. From STEM to STEAM: Strategies for Enhancing Engineering & Technology Education Andy M. Connor, Sangeeta Karmokar, Chris Whittington This paper sets out to challenge the common pedagogies found in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education with a particular focus on engineering. The dominant engineering pedagogy remains “chalk and talk”; despite research evidence that demonstrates its ineffectiveness. Such pedagogical approaches do not embrace the possibilities provided by more student-centric approaches and more active learning. The paper argues that there is a potential confusion in engineering education around the role of active learning approaches, and that the adoption of these approaches may be limited as a result of this confusion, combined with a degree of disciplinary egocentrism. The paper presents examples of design, engineering and technology projects that demonstrate the effectiveness of adopting pedagogies and delivery methods more usually attributed to the liberal arts such as studio based learning. The paper concludes with some suggestions about how best to create a fertile environment from which inquiry based learning can emerge as well as a reflection on whether the only real limitation on cultivating such approaches is the disciplinary egocentrism of traditional engineering educators.

  42. Through BIOENGINEERING BIOPHYSICS Homo is becoming Deus In recent years, the bioengineering approach has become particularly relevant after the Yuval Noah Harari 2015-16 bestseller “Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow”, which globally looks at the evolution of the living world and humanity and future transformations, seeing inevitably coming of the new era of the Earth – TRANSHUMANISM.

  43. 2015 m. 2018 m. 2011-2016 m. Prof. Yuval Noah HARARI in the Department of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem

  44. 2017 TRANSHUMANISM Engineering the Perfect BABY It has finally happened: human embryos have been genetically modified in China, by utilizing the CRISPR technique of genetic modification. Chinesse scientists genetically modify human embryos The technique used by Huang’s team involves injecting embryos with the enzyme complex CRISPR/Cas9, which binds and splices DNA at specific locations.

  45. Conclusion Accepting the view, that the Living World is biotechnological systems, the most appropriate method of the scientific interpretations is bioengineering. That‘s why basic Life science - BIOPHYSICS must be called „BIOENGINEERING“

  46. Thank your for attention Baltic Biophysics  Conference .................................................................. Kaunas, Lithuania, 4-5 October 2018

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