LEARNING!!!

1. LEARNING!!! CH. 9 PSYCHOLOGY

2. Ch. 9 schedule • Week one: operant conditioning, classical conditioning, retrieval, forgetting, learning disabilities. • Week two: mon-wed in lab C working on behavior modification project. Thurs-fri presenting

3. What is learning • Different theories of learning: • Classical conditioning • Operant conditioning • Retrieval and shaping

4. Classical conditioning • Classical conditioning- is a learning procedure in which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus. • This theory was discovered by ivan Pavlov using his famous “pavlovs dogs” experiment

5. Terms in classical conditioning • Neutral stimulus (NS)- a stimulus that does not initially elicit any part of an unconditioned response • unconditioned stimulus (US): an event that elicits a certain predictable response typically without previous training • unconditioned response (UR): an organism’s automatic (or natural) reaction to a stimulus

6. More terms • conditioned stimulus (CS): a once-neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with (occurred just before) an unconditioned stimulus • conditioned response (CR): the learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

7. Pavlov’s dogs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

8. Lets do a little practice using the office • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nE8pFWP5QDM • Can you tell me what the ns, us, ur, cs, and cr are in this experiement?

9. Principles of classical cond. • Acquisition of a classically conditioned response that occurs gradually and increases each time the CS and US are paired. • generalization: responding similarly to a range of similar stimuli • discrimination: the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli • extinction: a gradual disappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus

10. Baby albert • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE • Could classical conditioning apply to humans?

11. Let’s Review • Neutral Stimulus- Something that has relatively no response in of itself. • Ex: Me passing out a Peppermint in Class. • Unconditioned Stimulus- an event that draws a rather predictable response. • Ex: the bell ringing in school. • Unconditioned Response- the predictable response to the UCS. • Ex: leaving class when the bell rings. • Conditioned Stimulus- previously the NS, now has a learned meaning. • Ex: I pass out the peppermint before the bell rings, means me passing out the peppermint that class is nearly over. • Conditioned Response- the learned response to the Conditioned Stimulus. • Ex: When I pass out the peppermint, you now know to get ready for class to be over.

12. Review Generalization- If I passed out smarties one day at the end of class, and you reacted the same way as me passing out the peppermint. • Stimuli are alike (both candy) you react the same way. Discrimination- If I passed out the smarties and you did not react the same way because smarties are not peppermints. • Stimuli are different so you react differently to them. Extinction- If I started passing out peppermints 20 minutes before class ended its conditioned meaning would go away because it no longer means that class is nearly over.

13. School of thought • Classical conditioning relates to behavioral psychology: or a field of psychology that focuses on how individuals react to events in their environment. • One of the ANSWERS THAT PAVLOV AND WATSON FOUND WHERE THAT PHOBIAS, COULD BE A LEARNED TRAIT THAT ORGANISMS EXPERIENCE DURING THEIR LIFETIMES. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDvDCqLCdEE