Applications of Geosynthetics in Northern Minnesota

1. 1 Applications of Geosynthetics in Northern Minnesota Presented by: -Walter Leu: P.E. Mn/DOT District State Aid Engineer - Luane Tasa: P.E. Mn/DOT District State Aid Engineer Lou and I are not Professors Barely made it through College Learned through trial and error Mostly Error Benefit of our Mistakes Not a Technical Session Practical Session Like the Medical Doctors, We Practice GeosyntheticsLou and I are not Professors Barely made it through College Learned through trial and error Mostly Error Benefit of our Mistakes Not a Technical Session Practical Session Like the Medical Doctors, We Practice Geosynthetics

2. 2 Typical Roads I need to give you a little history How things were done way back when Sometimes knowing how it was done before can help you with what to do now Chances are the original grade is still there hiding under your road todayI need to give you a little history How things were done way back when Sometimes knowing how it was done before can help you with what to do now Chances are the original grade is still there hiding under your road today

3. 3

4. 4 Typical Equipment & Construction Practices Many road constructed Called �Mucker� roads, Or the floating dredge Anybody know what I�m talking aboutMany road constructed Called �Mucker� roads, Or the floating dredge Anybody know what I�m talking about

5. 5 The Old Mucker Roads Anyone here know what a mucker road is? Many roads in NW minnesota constructed this method Their called State HighwaysAnyone here know what a mucker road is? Many roads in NW minnesota constructed this method Their called State Highways

6. 6 THE OLD WAYS Common fix was using corduroy. or logs placed end to end With the price of timber, this would be very expensive today Civil War story, minnesota regimentCommon fix was using corduroy. or logs placed end to end With the price of timber, this would be very expensive today Civil War story, minnesota regiment

7. 7 SITUATIONS WHERE GEOTEXTILES MAY NOT WORK Lou and I are going to show you many applications where geosynthetics have worked extremely well, But first, I want to show you some situations where geotextiles may not Make the GradeLou and I are going to show you many applications where geosynthetics have worked extremely well, But first, I want to show you some situations where geotextiles may not Make the Grade

8. 8 Probably need to get more drainage first.Probably need to get more drainage first.

9. 9 Lou, Isn�t that your truck? Need better drainage!Lou, Isn�t that your truck? Need better drainage!

10. 10 A bridge would of helped.A bridge would of helped.

11. 11 Applications of Geotextiles, Geogrids, & Geocells in Northern Minnesota Most of our applications in Northern Minnesota, or more appropriately, Northwest Corner Glacial Lake Aggazziz Lake deposits of silt clay lots of peat Gravel is mostly poor from beaches Haul distance are long, sometime 30 to 50 miles Crying out for geosytheticsMost of our applications in Northern Minnesota, or more appropriately, Northwest Corner Glacial Lake Aggazziz Lake deposits of silt clay lots of peat Gravel is mostly poor from beaches Haul distance are long, sometime 30 to 50 miles Crying out for geosythetics

12. 12 Installations to DateUnpaved Low Volume County Roads We did a lot of experimenting Greatest success has been on gravel roads Over 600 miles of gravel roads in Lake of the Woods county aloneWe did a lot of experimenting Greatest success has been on gravel roads Over 600 miles of gravel roads in Lake of the Woods county alone

13. 13 Installations to DatePaved Low Volume County and State Roads Success on gravel led us to try using it on our reconstruction projectsSuccess on gravel led us to try using it on our reconstruction projects

14. 14 Types of geosynthetics used to date are:Type V & VI Woven Fabric Most used type for reconstruction with rural section, ie ditches, was type VI woven Road 2-3 feet above natural ground Well drained ditches Explain Type V and VIMost used type for reconstruction with rural section, ie ditches, was type VI woven Road 2-3 feet above natural ground Well drained ditches Explain Type V and VI

15. 15 Type V Non-Woven Fabric Experience some strange problems and tried the non-woven to allow more moisture movement -Trapped moisture under fabric during period of maximum spring thaw. Frozen deeper, water could not go down, warmer pavement (sun), woven trapped water from evaporating out, Called evaporation potential.Experience some strange problems and tried the non-woven to allow more moisture movement -Trapped moisture under fabric during period of maximum spring thaw. Frozen deeper, water could not go down, warmer pavement (sun), woven trapped water from evaporating out, Called evaporation potential.

16. 16 WHAT�S WOVEN & NON- WOVEN MEAN TO US? Most basic properties to think about Hands on feel for some of these properties. Pull- apart, bi-directional strength Stretch- during construction and stress related movement Water-the big factor Stiffness-think of the Contractor Cost--the deciding factorMost basic properties to think about Hands on feel for some of these properties. Pull- apart, bi-directional strength Stretch- during construction and stress related movement Water-the big factor Stiffness-think of the Contractor Cost--the deciding factor

17. 17 Geogrid There is nothing easier to lay down than grid It�s tough, water goes through it, But it�s expensive fines can still migrate use it for patching�. Failed or utilityThere is nothing easier to lay down than grid It�s tough, water goes through it, But it�s expensive fines can still migrate use it for patching�. Failed or utility

18. 18 Geocell We tried them all I will let Lou tell you about using Geocells, He has a great story later onWe tried them all I will let Lou tell you about using Geocells, He has a great story later on

19. 19 Many installations have been in place 10 years. I started in about 1990, so we are looking at cases that are twelve years old. When some of these projects have been around this long, we started noticing some strange things Crack filling crew storyI started in about 1990, so we are looking at cases that are twelve years old. When some of these projects have been around this long, we started noticing some strange things Crack filling crew story

20. 20 We feel there are maintenance benefits from utilizing geosynthetics in the structural design of roads. Not just for isolated areas of poor subsoils Design as part of the typical section This is our recommendation to you This is what our presentation is all about We are not the industry, we are just road engineers that have seen this stuff work. Less than the cost of turf establishmentThis is our recommendation to you This is what our presentation is all about We are not the industry, we are just road engineers that have seen this stuff work. Less than the cost of turf establishment

21. 21 HOW IT ALL STARTED It was not an industry call that got me started using geotextiles, It was PETEIt was not an industry call that got me started using geotextiles, It was PETE

22. 22 COUNTY ROAD #3THE STORY OF PETE Remember the old road core County was widening the road for future blacktop Typically would core out each side along the old grade and push into the swamp. Along came the CORPS. Something about deposits in a wetland. REMOTE AreaRemember the old road core County was widening the road for future blacktop Typically would core out each side along the old grade and push into the swamp. Along came the CORPS. Something about deposits in a wetland. REMOTE Area

23. 23 STORY OF PETE The CORPS shut the project down, no more excavation unless we hauled it away. Too expensive. Small town, word gets around in the coffee shops, project was shut down by some guy from the cities (minn/st paul) named PETE. Called into the County Commissioners meeting, wanted to know who was peteThe CORPS shut the project down, no more excavation unless we hauled it away. Too expensive. Small town, word gets around in the coffee shops, project was shut down by some guy from the cities (minn/st paul) named PETE. Called into the County Commissioners meeting, wanted to know who was pete

24. 24 TYPICAL SECTION This is what we came up with, that was OK with the CORPS And it worked pretty darn goodThis is what we came up with, that was OK with the CORPS And it worked pretty darn good

25. 25 The second application was the chimney of Minnesota known as the Northwest Angle. I call the northwest angle the mistake on the lake. It is actually part of the united states, only because of a surveying error. Seems the french gave the english a bad map. The line was to follow the normal water course (canoe route) from Superior to the NORTHWEST CORNER OF LAKE OF THE WOODS Determined by a good map and ruler One of the last border lines 1922I call the northwest angle the mistake on the lake. It is actually part of the united states, only because of a surveying error. Seems the french gave the english a bad map. The line was to follow the normal water course (canoe route) from Superior to the NORTHWEST CORNER OF LAKE OF THE WOODS Determined by a good map and ruler One of the last border lines 1922

26. 26 Resort development and more demand for year-round recreation increased pressure on logging roads serving the area. 100 miles from the county seat, about 50 miles through Canada fantastic fishing for walleye, northern, and muskie, along with small mouth bass Many drive from as far away as Chicago to fish the opening season, when fish are concentrated 100 miles from the county seat, about 50 miles through Canada fantastic fishing for walleye, northern, and muskie, along with small mouth bass Many drive from as far away as Chicago to fish the opening season, when fish are concentrated

27. 27 Poor drainage compounded with frost boil action during spring fishing opener made this a challenging project. Imagine driving all the way from Chicago, 600 miles, only to be turned back when you are only a few miles to the resorts Because the road, even in summer, was so rough, Many of the locals considered this road a good area to find spare trailer partsImagine driving all the way from Chicago, 600 miles, only to be turned back when you are only a few miles to the resorts Because the road, even in summer, was so rough, Many of the locals considered this road a good area to find spare trailer parts

28. 28 Spring fishing opener is a major event to this area and people who take part in it. For some of the most hearty of tourists, where no was not acceptable, The county provided a dozer and chained up the vehicle and dragged them through the mud. The best part of the road was actually almost in the ditch. The center was so soft you could stick a 4 ft. lath up to your armpit into the grade For some of the most hearty of tourists, where no was not acceptable, The county provided a dozer and chained up the vehicle and dragged them through the mud. The best part of the road was actually almost in the ditch. The center was so soft you could stick a 4 ft. lath up to your armpit into the grade

29. 29 The plan to upgrade this roadway was to utilize as much of the existing road top as possible. We had some experience with one project, but this was different. We could not shut down the road, heck we could not even delay vehicles too long. We�re talking 200-300 vehicles a day in and out We tried to come up with a method that could be done, fast, cheap, no traffic delay, and oh yeah, get gravel from a foreign countryWe had some experience with one project, but this was different. We could not shut down the road, heck we could not even delay vehicles too long. We�re talking 200-300 vehicles a day in and out We tried to come up with a method that could be done, fast, cheap, no traffic delay, and oh yeah, get gravel from a foreign country

30. 30 THE WRONG WAY We first looked at some ways that did not work out so good. Oh Yeah, Reminder, you might want to write this down. Fabric is delivered in big rolls, with a black plastic covering, like a giant hefty garbage bag. The semi drops them off along the job. Been there for a week. You line up 20 trucks and equipment, ready to roll, you open the bags and find out it�s the wrong stuff. We first looked at some ways that did not work out so good. Oh Yeah, Reminder, you might want to write this down. Fabric is delivered in big rolls, with a black plastic covering, like a giant hefty garbage bag. The semi drops them off along the job. Been there for a week. You line up 20 trucks and equipment, ready to roll, you open the bags and find out it�s the wrong stuff.

31. 31 THE WRONG WAY Geotextiles are a great tool, but you have to use it the right way. What�s wrong with this picture?Geotextiles are a great tool, but you have to use it the right way. What�s wrong with this picture?

32. 32 SEWING BEE Anybody ever sewn on the job site? How about when its cold and windy How about when it cold and windy and the machine breaks down and you have 20 trucks lined up and all the other equipment?Anybody ever sewn on the job site? How about when its cold and windy How about when it cold and windy and the machine breaks down and you have 20 trucks lined up and all the other equipment?

33. 33 BAD SEWING A lot of times you end up with poor sewing, and wrinkles, and bunches. Again, the best geotextile is only as good as the placement.A lot of times you end up with poor sewing, and wrinkles, and bunches. Again, the best geotextile is only as good as the placement.

34. 34 SEWING DEMONSTRATION We came up with an idea to save time and trouble in the field, factory sewing. If the application is not too wide, this is a great method. Let�s show youWe came up with an idea to save time and trouble in the field, factory sewing. If the application is not too wide, this is a great method. Let�s show you

35. 35 Rolls can be side by side, or one on top the other You need to pick your roll size to make things easier. Manufacturer has several roll widths. I think they sell this stuff by the pound because a narrow width has more length than a wider width. So for a 30 ft. width, you would use say two 15 ft. rolls, each the same length.Rolls can be side by side, or one on top the other You need to pick your roll size to make things easier. Manufacturer has several roll widths. I think they sell this stuff by the pound because a narrow width has more length than a wider width. So for a 30 ft. width, you would use say two 15 ft. rolls, each the same length.

36. 36 GOOD SEWING The end result is good sewing on the job Better Quality Control Less time and hassle on the job Cheaper in the long run, especially if you get delayed. The end result is good sewing on the job Better Quality Control Less time and hassle on the job Cheaper in the long run, especially if you get delayed.

37. 37 This is the design and method we came up with We hired a Canadian contractor to crush and haul material into the angle. We used our own motor grader and some laborers. The contractor provided a rubber-tired roller and water truck with dual citizenship operatorsThis is the design and method we came up with We hired a Canadian contractor to crush and haul material into the angle. We used our own motor grader and some laborers. The contractor provided a rubber-tired roller and water truck with dual citizenship operators

38. 38 We purchase fabric presewn from a North Dakota/Minnesota distributer. It was a woven 300 psi grab strength bi-directional, Like an Amaco 2006 Good Crown Wait until the grade is firmWe purchase fabric presewn from a North Dakota/Minnesota distributer. It was a woven 300 psi grab strength bi-directional, Like an Amaco 2006 Good Crown Wait until the grade is firm

39. 39 One way to hold down the fabric from being picked up by the wind or traffic is to use the nail that are normally used for erosion control material Be sure to pull it tight.One way to hold down the fabric from being picked up by the wind or traffic is to use the nail that are normally used for erosion control material Be sure to pull it tight.

40. 40 THE RIGHT WAY Should be smooth, wrinkle free (mostly) and well anchored Extra labor helps Highschool kids are great, especially football players (this isn�t rocket science)Should be smooth, wrinkle free (mostly) and well anchored Extra labor helps Highschool kids are great, especially football players (this isn�t rocket science)

41. 41 THE RIGHT WAY To get started you might want to end dump to get a platform going, But then you can start up with the big bellies, and really get productionTo get started you might want to end dump to get a platform going, But then you can start up with the big bellies, and really get production

42. 42 Are there any manufacturing reps in the room? You may want to leave for this part. Trucks, equipment and traffic will be running overtop the laid down fabric. This is were toughness and stiffness properties can help. The concept is to drive the equipment, and place the gravel in such a way that you actually get a stretch to the geotextile.Are there any manufacturing reps in the room? You may want to leave for this part. Trucks, equipment and traffic will be running overtop the laid down fabric. This is were toughness and stiffness properties can help. The concept is to drive the equipment, and place the gravel in such a way that you actually get a stretch to the geotextile.

43. 43 This requires some practice. Does anyone know what�s wrong with this picture? Notice the wrinkles This truck is driving too fastThis requires some practice. Does anyone know what�s wrong with this picture? Notice the wrinkles This truck is driving too fast

44. 44 Don�t put on the brakesDon�t put on the brakes

45. 45 Maintain a constant speed, just right for spreading about a 70 to 90 ft. windrow. Maintain that same speed over the non-covered geotextile. No shifting No braking No turningMaintain a constant speed, just right for spreading about a 70 to 90 ft. windrow. Maintain that same speed over the non-covered geotextile. No shifting No braking No turning

46. 46 This keeps the fabric in place and wrinkle freeThis keeps the fabric in place and wrinkle free

47. 47 What�s wrong with this method? It looks like they are filling on both sides of the geotextile. Is that a good idea in this application?What�s wrong with this method? It looks like they are filling on both sides of the geotextile. Is that a good idea in this application?

48. 48 This example shows about the right sized windrow and not too many wrinkles in the geotextileThis example shows about the right sized windrow and not too many wrinkles in the geotextile

49. 49 Once the truck has a windrow of material, the grader blades it out from the center towards the edges. If done correctly, the geotextile will be slightly stretched in the process.Once the truck has a windrow of material, the grader blades it out from the center towards the edges. If done correctly, the geotextile will be slightly stretched in the process.

50. 50 Try not to get the geotextile too far in front of the covering operations. You don�t want trucks and traffic to have too much opportunity to screw up your nicely placed geotextile. One exception was when it rained out the job storyTry not to get the geotextile too far in front of the covering operations. You don�t want trucks and traffic to have too much opportunity to screw up your nicely placed geotextile. One exception was when it rained out the job story

51. 51 Good example of blading material out from the center to the edges Note good blade angle allows for some down pressure that helps with material compaction and geotextile stretching Want some pushing actionGood example of blading material out from the center to the edges Note good blade angle allows for some down pressure that helps with material compaction and geotextile stretching Want some pushing action

52. 52 Don�t forget the water truck Not only for compaction, but for dust control on maintenance of the haul road. The operation goes fast, so you have to keep upDon�t forget the water truck Not only for compaction, but for dust control on maintenance of the haul road. The operation goes fast, so you have to keep up

53. 53 Along with the water is the compactor We found that a medium sized self-propelled rubber tired roller worked best Work from the center out to the edges Don�t get too close to the edge, it still may be softAlong with the water is the compactor We found that a medium sized self-propelled rubber tired roller worked best Work from the center out to the edges Don�t get too close to the edge, it still may be soft

54. 54 Post-Construction View of the finished product Our production was about 1 mile a day Cost was about $50,000 per mile About 1/3 the cost of a reconstruct, which would have been impossible in this environmentally sensitive area 20 miles of road were done at a cost of $1,000,000View of the finished product Our production was about 1 mile a day Cost was about $50,000 per mile About 1/3 the cost of a reconstruct, which would have been impossible in this environmentally sensitive area 20 miles of road were done at a cost of $1,000,000

55. 55 CANADA / NWAApril 13, 2001 The Canadian road leading up to the Angle was a complete reconstruct, (the 2 slides on the left). However, it did not survive a nasty spring thaw as well as the geotextile. Slide on the right is from the NW angle road with geosynthetic. Complaints were reversed. Couldn�t the county do anything about the canadian highway? Note: Old stumps breaking through, repair with geogrid and geotextileThe Canadian road leading up to the Angle was a complete reconstruct, (the 2 slides on the left). However, it did not survive a nasty spring thaw as well as the geotextile. Slide on the right is from the NW angle road with geosynthetic. Complaints were reversed. Couldn�t the county do anything about the canadian highway? Note: Old stumps breaking through, repair with geogrid and geotextile

56. 56 Lake of the Woods CR 31993 construction Highly technical geotextile placement Just prior to learning how to buy it presewn Did not plan on using geotextile on this complete reconstruction. Wet year and soft grade. Needed to get gravel on before winter.Highly technical geotextile placement Just prior to learning how to buy it presewn Did not plan on using geotextile on this complete reconstruction. Wet year and soft grade. Needed to get gravel on before winter.

57. 57 FABRIC AND NON FABRIC FABRIC NON FABRIC NO SUBBASE 4� SUBBASE 6� GRAVEL BASE 8� GRAVEL BASE 4� BITUMINOUS 4� BITUMINOUS Decided to do about 3 1/4 miles with geotextile and the remaining 2 1/4 miles with a pit run gravel subbase (stoney) Discovered we needed more gravel base on the non-fabric section Again we used a woven 300 psi bi-dir rural road section with ditches Decided to do about 3 1/4 miles with geotextile and the remaining 2 1/4 miles with a pit run gravel subbase (stoney) Discovered we needed more gravel base on the non-fabric section Again we used a woven 300 psi bi-dir rural road section with ditches

58. 58 Lake of the Woods Geotextile Typicals Note: the finished grade was about 2 to 3 feet above natural ground and the ditches were another 2 feet below natural ground This provides for good surface drainage and keeps the grade above the shallow ground water table Also good for keeping snow off your roadNote: the finished grade was about 2 to 3 feet above natural ground and the ditches were another 2 feet below natural ground This provides for good surface drainage and keeps the grade above the shallow ground water table Also good for keeping snow off your road

59. 59 Lake of the Woods Typical (Non-Geosynthetic) The old method was to pound in some stoney uncrushed pit run gravel into the subgrade to stiffen it up for the trucks to haul the gravel baseThe old method was to pound in some stoney uncrushed pit run gravel into the subgrade to stiffen it up for the trucks to haul the gravel base

60. 60 TOO FAST, WATCH THE WRINKLES Another example of how you sometimes have to retrain the truck drivers after a long weekend Note the ditchesAnother example of how you sometimes have to retrain the truck drivers after a long weekend Note the ditches

61. 61 SOFT SHOULDERS Good shot of how deep the ditches are for drainage and to lower the water table a bit by the roadbed Also note the soft shoulders Also note too much fabric outGood shot of how deep the ditches are for drainage and to lower the water table a bit by the roadbed Also note the soft shoulders Also note too much fabric out

62. 62 Lake of the Woods CR 3 Good slides of lots of mistakes Can you name them? Note: Rut made by equipment (grader) too close to soft shoulder Note: too much fabric out Note: geotextile could be tighter Note: Windrow of material too high Note: Inspectors sleeping in suburbanGood slides of lots of mistakes Can you name them? Note: Rut made by equipment (grader) too close to soft shoulder Note: too much fabric out Note: geotextile could be tighter Note: Windrow of material too high Note: Inspectors sleeping in suburban

63. 63 Anybody know what this is? Not a firewood splitter Falling weight deflectometer Measures deflections of the pavement and can predict allowable axle weight for acceptable fatigue failure (paperclip)Anybody know what this is? Not a firewood splitter Falling weight deflectometer Measures deflections of the pavement and can predict allowable axle weight for acceptable fatigue failure (paperclip)

64. 64 DEFLECTION TESTS Strength tests were taken every 100 ft. Centerline, wheel path, and edge of bituminous were also tested. Results indicated similar strength in both fabric and non fabric areas. Deflections in fabric section were uniform vs. non fabric which fluctuated between centerline, wheel path, and edge of bituminous. Guess what? We found the geotextile section was as strong as the control section 2� less gravel base Local road standards will allow a G.E. of 2 if using a geotextile in restricted width area (explain) Deflections were more uniformGuess what? We found the geotextile section was as strong as the control section 2� less gravel base Local road standards will allow a G.E. of 2 if using a geotextile in restricted width area (explain) Deflections were more uniform

65. 65 CONSTRUCTION COSTS

66. 66 Fabric Installation Cont. This leads us to conclude that the fabric section with less aggregate was as strong as the non-fabric section, with a cost savings of about $15,000 per mile. Cheaper faster better smoother No Brainer Cheaper faster better smoother No Brainer

67. 67 Lake of the Woods Placed over 1.5 million sq yds of geotextiles Savings from a reduced aggregate subbase Increased strength Protection of gravel base from frost boil contamination Apparent reduction in pavement cracks Lake of the Woods started using geotextile as part of it�s typical section County Board freebeee to developers We decided not to reduce the gravel thickness unless we were short of top width. We call it our insurance policy. Lou will show you later how it paid off big timeLake of the Woods started using geotextile as part of it�s typical section County Board freebeee to developers We decided not to reduce the gravel thickness unless we were short of top width. We call it our insurance policy. Lou will show you later how it paid off big time

68. 68 FABRIC AND LIGHTWEIGHT FILL CARLTON COUNTY, MINNESOTA DUAL PURPOSE PROJECT LIGHTWEIGHT FILL AND TIRE DISPOSAL These next few slides are how to get rid of a big pile of tires and get a good road too. County project with some big fills to fix a poor vertical curve over a soil that could slide if overloaded Made a deal with a tire recycler to haul in shredded tires. Local dump site and from outside the county. These next few slides are how to get rid of a big pile of tires and get a good road too. County project with some big fills to fix a poor vertical curve over a soil that could slide if overloaded Made a deal with a tire recycler to haul in shredded tires. Local dump site and from outside the county.

69. 69 SHREDDED TIRE APPLICATION All the county paid for was the part of the hauling costs County residents could bring their tires to a dump site free. Recycler hauled back round tires, brought back shredded Good sized dozer to spread and compact tiresAll the county paid for was the part of the hauling costs County residents could bring their tires to a dump site free. Recycler hauled back round tires, brought back shredded Good sized dozer to spread and compact tires

70. 70 STOCKPILING ALONG ROAD You need a lot of tires because they compact down about 100% Stockpile on the sides to keep trucks and vehicles using the centerYou need a lot of tires because they compact down about 100% Stockpile on the sides to keep trucks and vehicles using the center

71. 71 COMPLETED TIRE FILL Finished tire fill The deep fill is over 20 feetFinished tire fill The deep fill is over 20 feet

72. 72 PLACING FABRIC & GRAVEL A woven geotextile is placed over the entire fill of shredded tires Gravel base added 8� thick Over a million tires used to dateA woven geotextile is placed over the entire fill of shredded tires Gravel base added 8� thick Over a million tires used to date

73. 73 COMPLETED BASE Ride is very good No failures to date No frost action Ride is very good No failures to date No frost action

74. 74 Repair for a severe frost heave blacktop road Road undulated during the winter Speeds down to 25 mph in a 55 mph areaRepair for a severe frost heave blacktop road Road undulated during the winter Speeds down to 25 mph in a 55 mph area

75. 75 SUBCUT SHOULDER TO SHOULDER Removed blacktop and gravel base and subcut down into the grade about 3 feetRemoved blacktop and gravel base and subcut down into the grade about 3 feet

76. 76 BACKFILL SHREDDED TIRES Again overfilled 100% to allow for compaction by equipmentAgain overfilled 100% to allow for compaction by equipment

77. 77 OVERFILL 100% FOR COMP. The backhoe helps place the material for the dozer to compact The county actually made a special hydraulic thumb for the bucket to more efficiently move the shredded tiresThe backhoe helps place the material for the dozer to compact The county actually made a special hydraulic thumb for the bucket to more efficiently move the shredded tires

78. 78 FABRIC AND GRAVEL Never forget the geotextile Again this is a woven The county then repaved and there is not a crack in it and no more roller coaster. 4 years old Recently did a falling weight deflectometer readingsNever forget the geotextile Again this is a woven The county then repaved and there is not a crack in it and no more roller coaster. 4 years old Recently did a falling weight deflectometer readings

79. 79 HOW TO FIX A ROAD SLIDE St. Louis county had a roadway segment that had constant slope failures. The county crews simply excavated and stockpiled the existing material St. Louis county had a roadway segment that had constant slope failures. The county crews simply excavated and stockpiled the existing material

80. 80 USE LAYERS OF GEOGRID Placed layers of geogrid in lifts of 2 feet No more failures and all with county equipmentPlaced layers of geogrid in lifts of 2 feet No more failures and all with county equipment

81. 81 WHEN THE SUBGRADE IS VERY WEAK St. Louis County also had a road through a deep bog area. Sensitive environmental area. Soft grade, so they waited until it was frozen enough to lay geotextile and haul stockpiled gravel. Used a non-woven because no ditches Can�t do this down southSt. Louis County also had a road through a deep bog area. Sensitive environmental area. Soft grade, so they waited until it was frozen enough to lay geotextile and haul stockpiled gravel. Used a non-woven because no ditches Can�t do this down south

82. 82 DO IT WHEN IT�S FROZEN There were no failures the following spring and the road is now paved and has almost no crackingThere were no failures the following spring and the road is now paved and has almost no cracking

83. 83 ADDITIONAL APPLICATIONS Roseau County Polk County Hubbard County Minn. Dept. of Transportation (Mn/DOT) Other counties in our area have used Geosynthetics and placed them between the subgrade and aggregate base. But first you should know that Walter and I did have other aspirations before settling into our present jobs. These aspirations didn�t work out too well and we�re glad they didn�t, which is good for many folks in Minnesota as you can see in the next 2 slides. Other counties in our area have used Geosynthetics and placed them between the subgrade and aggregate base. But first you should know that Walter and I did have other aspirations before settling into our present jobs. These aspirations didn�t work out too well and we�re glad they didn�t, which is good for many folks in Minnesota as you can see in the next 2 slides.

84. 84 Enrollment at this school increased. As did education funding in the state.Enrollment at this school increased. As did education funding in the state.

85. 85 I think all vehicles actually stopped at this intersection just to read it so it did its job, really good. I think all vehicles actually stopped at this intersection just to read it so it did its job, really good.

86. 86 Roseau County ROSEAU COUNTY BORDERS LOW AND HAS SIMILAR SOILS. DRAINAGE IS BETTER IN SOME PARTS OF THE COUNTY. THEY EXPERIMENTED WITH A TYPE V FABRIC IN 1992 in selected portions of a roadway where soils were poorer, not necessarily swampy.ROSEAU COUNTY BORDERS LOW AND HAS SIMILAR SOILS. DRAINAGE IS BETTER IN SOME PARTS OF THE COUNTY. THEY EXPERIMENTED WITH A TYPE V FABRIC IN 1992 in selected portions of a roadway where soils were poorer, not necessarily swampy.

87. 87 Roseau County Roseau roads with Geosynthetics: - CSAH 13 (Constructed in 1992) - CSAH 15 (Constructed in 1997) - CSAH 20 (Constructed in 1996) - CSAH 12 (Non-Geosynthetic, constructed in 1996 and used to compare with 15 & 20) CSAH 13 IS THE OLDEST INSTALLATION IN ROSEAU. CSAH�S 15, 20 & 12 ARE GOOD COMPARISON AS CONSTRUCTED IN SAME YEARS. TRANSVER CRACKING PATTERNS CSAH 20 & 15 vs 12(Non-Geo) DIFFERENCE IS SOIL TYPE.CSAH 13 IS THE OLDEST INSTALLATION IN ROSEAU. CSAH�S 15, 20 & 12 ARE GOOD COMPARISON AS CONSTRUCTED IN SAME YEARS. TRANSVER CRACKING PATTERNS CSAH 20 & 15 vs 12(Non-Geo) DIFFERENCE IS SOIL TYPE.

88. 88 Roseau County CSAH 13 County State Aid Highway 13 was paved in 1992 with a total of � mi. of Type V woven fabric installed in various locations below the aggregate base. First installation in Roseau County County Engineer noticed a local retail store use geotextile in its� parking lot and thought it might work in the roadbed. This application was successful in his opinion and decided to try it as part of his typical design instead of only in poor soil areas.First installation in Roseau County County Engineer noticed a local retail store use geotextile in its� parking lot and thought it might work in the roadbed. This application was successful in his opinion and decided to try it as part of his typical design instead of only in poor soil areas.

89. 89 Roseau County CSAH 20 & 15 Roseau County State Aid Hwy 20 installed type V woven fabric under 7 in. of class V aggregate for the entire 6 mi., project in 1995 and in 1996 paved 3 � in. of hot mix. Contractor�s bid reflected overlay prices. CSAH 15, installed almost 5 mi. type V fabric in 1997 and paved with 3 � in. hot mix also. Since the fabric was inplace on CSAH 20, the contractor knew there would be no subgrade prep work which is typical, consider this when upgrading a road not knowing future developmt. Only work needed was minor shaping and some additional aggregate base. Therefore contractor�s bid reflected overlay prices. This was the road that first caught my eye due to the cracking patterns. CSAH 15 was constructed the following year with fabric and pavement.Since the fabric was inplace on CSAH 20, the contractor knew there would be no subgrade prep work which is typical, consider this when upgrading a road not knowing future developmt. Only work needed was minor shaping and some additional aggregate base. Therefore contractor�s bid reflected overlay prices. This was the road that first caught my eye due to the cracking patterns. CSAH 15 was constructed the following year with fabric and pavement.

90. 90 Roseau CSAH 15 & 20 Typicals Soils are similar, heavy clayey type. Only 8 miles apart. CSAH 20 was paved in 1996 and CSAH 15 in 1997. Most fabric presewn on centerline, 300� rolls. Tried sewing behind woods and dragging to roadway---didn�t work, tore Contractor�s men devised their own method of placing the fabric. Next slide Soils are similar, heavy clayey type. Only 8 miles apart. CSAH 20 was paved in 1996 and CSAH 15 in 1997. Most fabric presewn on centerline, 300� rolls. Tried sewing behind woods and dragging to roadway---didn�t work, tore Contractor�s men devised their own method of placing the fabric. Next slide

91. 91 Roseau�s Duet Installation Method 2 man installation. Contractor dumps small windrow each side Park car tire on corner of fabric seam upwind. One unrolls other one shovels, this is where the duet comes in, you do it, no you do it. 2 kept up with operation easy Keep fabric unrestricted as much as possible to reduce wrinkles.2 man installation. Contractor dumps small windrow each side Park car tire on corner of fabric seam upwind. One unrolls other one shovels, this is where the duet comes in, you do it, no you do it. 2 kept up with operation easy Keep fabric unrestricted as much as possible to reduce wrinkles.

92. 92 Roseau County There may be some benefit in crack reduction from geosynthetics, due to loads being spread over larger area. Aerials of CSAH 20 show transverse cracks occurring on an average of 300 ft. apart. After four winters, there were 2 intervals of greater than � mi. Aerials were taken in April 2000 to document the cracking pattern. Intent is to monitor over time to see the progression of cracks. Can do this through Local Road Research Board study or future aerial photos. This may help to determine if any reductions in cracking associated with geosynthetics.Aerials were taken in April 2000 to document the cracking pattern. Intent is to monitor over time to see the progression of cracks. Can do this through Local Road Research Board study or future aerial photos. This may help to determine if any reductions in cracking associated with geosynthetics.

93. 93 Roseau County CSAH 20 

94. 94 Roseau CSAH 20 Con�t. The cracking pattern somewhat resembles the method of fabric installation. They had 300� rolls and did not sew any transverse seams. Overlapped about 2-3� on transverse seams. Truckers can downshift one gear when hauling on gravel roads with fabric.The cracking pattern somewhat resembles the method of fabric installation. They had 300� rolls and did not sew any transverse seams. Overlapped about 2-3� on transverse seams. Truckers can downshift one gear when hauling on gravel roads with fabric.

95. 95 Roseau County CSAH 13 Aerial This is a better aerial where you can see the cracks that have been filled are readily visible. This is a low level uncontrolled flight, so less costly. We have flown about 45 miles of roads with geosynthetics and about 5 miles without. We may fly these roads again in 3 � 5 years. This is a better aerial where you can see the cracks that have been filled are readily visible. This is a low level uncontrolled flight, so less costly. We have flown about 45 miles of roads with geosynthetics and about 5 miles without. We may fly these roads again in 3 � 5 years.

96. 96 Roseau CSAH 20 Cost Analysis 7 Ton design Geotextile (type V)���.86,556 SY Low bidders amount �..$0.55 Highest amount����$0.87 Lowest cost�����...$0.50 Engineer�s estimate��..$1.00 Low bidder indicated that the geotextile was bid at their cost because the weather was not going to be as much of a factor. Interesting to note that having fabric in the roadbed also had an effect on the ability for contractor to start under poorer weather conditions. If there has been prolonged rainy periods, it takes a couple weeks for road to dry out, but with the fabric it seems to maintain good stability.Interesting to note that having fabric in the roadbed also had an effect on the ability for contractor to start under poorer weather conditions. If there has been prolonged rainy periods, it takes a couple weeks for road to dry out, but with the fabric it seems to maintain good stability.

97. 97 Roseau CSAH 15 Constructed in 1997 w/ geotextile type V under the aggregate base. 5 miles of which 4.5 has geotextile 7 ton design�...7� Agg. Base and 3.5� Bit. Geotextile cost = $0.54/SY High for geotextile = $0.85, Low = $0.54 Note the lowest price on the geotextile which includes installation. Many contractors in NW Mn. Use it in private work they do anyway because they know they can get their work done faster. Note the lowest price on the geotextile which includes installation. Many contractors in NW Mn. Use it in private work they do anyway because they know they can get their work done faster.

98. 98 Roseau CSAH 12 Typical (Non-Geosynthetic) This road is the control section as no fabric in it, but was built in 1996, same as CSAH 20. Only thing bad is that it is different type soils which are lighter. Difficult to compare, but best we can do at this time as it is within 12 miles of both 20 and 15. It has numerous transverse cracks, typically around 100� � 150�. It was built the same year though and that is why we�re using it.This road is the control section as no fabric in it, but was built in 1996, same as CSAH 20. Only thing bad is that it is different type soils which are lighter. Difficult to compare, but best we can do at this time as it is within 12 miles of both 20 and 15. It has numerous transverse cracks, typically around 100� � 150�. It was built the same year though and that is why we�re using it.

99. 99 Polk County Polk County, located in the western area of NW Minnesota, is primarily agricultural, with heavy clay subsoils. They have used type V woven geotextiles and biaxial geogrid in the typical design of 3 projects to date. A control section was constructed on each project as well. These were the first 2 projects for Polk using any type of geosynthetics. There reason for trying it was to save costs over a full depth bituminous design as originally planned. A more detail slide of costs is coming up. These were the first 2 projects for Polk using any type of geosynthetics. There reason for trying it was to save costs over a full depth bituminous design as originally planned. A more detail slide of costs is coming up.

100. 100 Polk County CSAH 58 & 59 County�s first project with geosynthetics Original design called for full depth bituminous (8.75�) on soil subgrade Alternative was a layer of geosynthetic plus 6� of aggregate base and 3� of bituminous surfacing Both designs would give a 7 ton road. County proposed the alt. Design figuring they�d save money.Both designs would give a 7 ton road. County proposed the alt. Design figuring they�d save money.

101. 101 Polk County CSAH 58 & 59 Typical

102. 102 Polk County Cont. This was their preferred method of placement. Allowed the trucks to drive over the grid or fabric empty and at low speeds. Overlapped at centerline and transversely with no tying due to a bubble that would form if restricted. 150�-180� rolls, about right to maintain, no stapling 1� overlaps at all seams. Needed 3 laborers. This was their preferred method of placement. Allowed the trucks to drive over the grid or fabric empty and at low speeds. Overlapped at centerline and transversely with no tying due to a bubble that would form if restricted. 150�-180� rolls, about right to maintain, no stapling 1� overlaps at all seams. Needed 3 laborers.

103. 103 Polk County Con�t Geotextile Cost/SY = $1.10, High=$1.50 Geogrid cost/SY = $1.95, High=$2.20 10 miles, 9 miles Geogrid, .75 miles geotextile, and .25 miles non-geosynthetic You can see the variation in the costs of the geosynthetics, but it is not that high of a cost per mile about $16,000 for fabric and $30,000 for grid. About $20,000/mile is the cost for erosion control and landscaping on a typical grading project. You can see the variation in the costs of the geosynthetics, but it is not that high of a cost per mile about $16,000 for fabric and $30,000 for grid. About $20,000/mile is the cost for erosion control and landscaping on a typical grading project.

104. 104 Polk County CSAH 58 & 59 Cost Comparison Cost to build w. geosynthetic = $1,506,165 Cost to build using full depth bituminous as originally planned ����.. = $1,705,000 Difference �������.. = $198,835 Note the savings for the same strength road and possibly more to reduced future maintenance. To build full depth section would take 8.75� of bituminous.Note the savings for the same strength road and possibly more to reduced future maintenance. To build full depth section would take 8.75� of bituminous.

105. 105 Polk County CSAH 58 Strength tests completed 6/25/98 w/ FWD 14% = 10 ton or greater 60% = 9 Ton or greater, Lowest test was 7.2 Ton Entire 4 miles had geogrid Design was for 7 ton roadway County allowing the road to be 9 ton County very pleased with results of this project. County very pleased with results of this project.

106. 106 Polk County CSAH 59 Strength test results 6/25/98, Grid Section 37% = 10 ton 73% = 9 ton or greater Geotextile Section 21% = 10 ton 36% = 9 ton or greater and Lowest was 7 T Non- geosynthetic section had a low of 8.3 T. and a high of 9.4 T., but also had an extra .75� of Bit. Contractor had some trouble with getting a good ride over the non-geosynthetic section, so had to add some bituminous to improve that section which attributes to the higher tonnage.Contractor had some trouble with getting a good ride over the non-geosynthetic section, so had to add some bituminous to improve that section which attributes to the higher tonnage.

107. 107 Polk County CSAH 58 & 59 Cont. After 3 winters, only 1 minor transverse crack appeared. After 6 winters, approximately 24 transverse cracks have appeared in the 8 mile segment. County is impressed with the few cracks compared to the deep strength design. Planning more projects like this. Planning a project for this year with grid County is impressed with the few cracks compared to the deep strength design. Planning more projects like this. Planning a project for this year with grid

108. 108 Polk County Con�t TYPICAL CRACKING PATTERNS AFTER 10 � 15 YEARS FOR BITUMINOUS PAVED ROADS. This road is at the beginning of the CSAH 59 project which you can see in the upper left corner of the right slide.TYPICAL CRACKING PATTERNS AFTER 10 � 15 YEARS FOR BITUMINOUS PAVED ROADS. This road is at the beginning of the CSAH 59 project which you can see in the upper left corner of the right slide.

109. 109 Polk County CSAH 18 Constructed in 2000 Length = 8 mi., all geogrid except for 1000� as control section. Cost of grid = $1.40/SY, High = $1.50 Low = $1.10 Same type of soils as CSAH 58 & 59 Low volume road, less than 500 vehicles/day Same installation method as CSAH 58 & 59Same type of soils as CSAH 58 & 59 Low volume road, less than 500 vehicles/day Same installation method as CSAH 58 & 59

110. 110 Polk County CSAH 18 Typical This was county�s alternative design as it was originally planned for full depth (11�) of bituminous on top of soil subgrade. Note total section is 11� now with only 4� of bit. Anticipated a savings in costs.This was county�s alternative design as it was originally planned for full depth (11�) of bituminous on top of soil subgrade. Note total section is 11� now with only 4� of bit. Anticipated a savings in costs.

111. 111 Polk CSAH 18 Strength Test Results from July 20, 2001 34% = 10 ton 83% = 9 ton or greater 17% less than 9 ton Lowest reading = 7.7 ton Non-grid section tested 8.8 � 9.2 tons County�s pretty sure that the non-grid section is 8.8 � 9.2, but not 100%, so they intend to mark the area for the next test. Same is back on 58 & 59, they were not sure of non-fabric location either so couldn�t pinpoint test and will correct next time.County�s pretty sure that the non-grid section is 8.8 � 9.2, but not 100%, so they intend to mark the area for the next test. Same is back on 58 & 59, they were not sure of non-fabric location either so couldn�t pinpoint test and will correct next time.

112. 112 Polk County CSAH 18 Cost Analysis Cost to build with geogrid = $1,253,747 Cost to build using full depth bituminous as originally planned = $1,575,574 Difference = $ 321,827

113. 113 Hubbard County HUBBARD COUNTY IS ABOUT 150 MILES SOUTH OF LOW AND HAS GOOD GRANULAR SUBSOILS IN MOST AREAS. IT HAS NUMEROUS LAKES AND SWAMPS AS WELL. THEIR FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH GEOSYNTHETICS WAS IN 1996 ON A PORTION OF CSAH 3 THAT CROSSED A SWAMP. HUBBARD COUNTY IS ABOUT 150 MILES SOUTH OF LOW AND HAS GOOD GRANULAR SUBSOILS IN MOST AREAS. IT HAS NUMEROUS LAKES AND SWAMPS AS WELL. THEIR FIRST EXPERIENCE WITH GEOSYNTHETICS WAS IN 1996 ON A PORTION OF CSAH 3 THAT CROSSED A SWAMP.

114. 114 Hubbard County CSAH 3 In 1996, a 1 � mi. section of CSAH 3 through a swampy area was reconditioned. Old pavement was removed, aggregate base reshaped, geogrid placed, 9 in. of additional aggregate base placed on geogrid, and 3 in. of plant mixed bituminous was paved. Still has a smooth ride even during spring breakup. Roadway is very good shape and county impressed with results so is using on other roads as well.Roadway is very good shape and county impressed with results so is using on other roads as well.

115. 115 Hubbard County CSAH 3 Cont. THE METHOD OF INSTALLATION WAS ALSO DUMPING AND DOZING. THEY HAD A CREEP PROBLEM HERE AS WELL. NOTE THERE ARE 3 ROLLS OF GRID NEEDED TO GET THE RIGHT WIDTH. They recommend 2 rolls vs 3. Notice the number of workers to keep the rolls straight.THE METHOD OF INSTALLATION WAS ALSO DUMPING AND DOZING. THEY HAD A CREEP PROBLEM HERE AS WELL. NOTE THERE ARE 3 ROLLS OF GRID NEEDED TO GET THE RIGHT WIDTH. They recommend 2 rolls vs 3. Notice the number of workers to keep the rolls straight.

116. 116 Hubbard County 2000 Project Biaxial Geogrid ( 2 � 500 ft. segments ) Type V Non-Woven Geotextile ( 1 � 1000 ft. segment ) Saw & Sealing (approximately 2500 ft. ) Installation costs were $0.65/SY Good project to compare if geosynthetics has an effect on cracks. Saw and Seal in non- geo area Most of project without geosynthetics So far no cracks have appeared anywhere.Good project to compare if geosynthetics has an effect on cracks. Saw and Seal in non- geo area Most of project without geosynthetics So far no cracks have appeared anywhere.

117. 117 Hubbard County 2000 Project THIS TRUCK IS STUCK IN SAND NOT MUD trying to sneak through early in the morning. Good granular subsoilsTHIS TRUCK IS STUCK IN SAND NOT MUD trying to sneak through early in the morning. Good granular subsoils

118. 118 Hubbard County 2000 Project(Geogrid Installation) THIS IS HOW THEY SOLVED THE CREEPING PROBLEM. THEY HAD SEVERAL GUYS STAND IN FRONT OF THE DOZER UNTIL MATERIAL WAS PUSHED ON THE OVERLAP. HIGHTECH! This was really an improvement over the last project.THIS IS HOW THEY SOLVED THE CREEPING PROBLEM. THEY HAD SEVERAL GUYS STAND IN FRONT OF THE DOZER UNTIL MATERIAL WAS PUSHED ON THE OVERLAP. HIGHTECH! This was really an improvement over the last project.

119. 119 Hubbard CountyType V Non-Woven Installation THIS IS THE DUMP AND DOZE METHOD AGAIN. NOTE THAT THIS DOES STRETCH OUT THE FABRIC AND THE COST FOR INSTALLATION WAS ABOUT THE COST OF THE MATERIAL. THIS WAS THE FIRST INSTALLATION OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC BY THE COUNTY AND THIS WAS THE METHOD SPECIFIED FOR INSTALLATION. IT TOOK LONGER BUT WE FEEL IT RESULTED IN A GOOD INSTALLATION THAT WILL GIVE US SOME GOOD RESEARCH INFORMATION. Material is not topsoil, reclaimed bit. And aggr.THIS IS THE DUMP AND DOZE METHOD AGAIN. NOTE THAT THIS DOES STRETCH OUT THE FABRIC AND THE COST FOR INSTALLATION WAS ABOUT THE COST OF THE MATERIAL. THIS WAS THE FIRST INSTALLATION OF NON-WOVEN FABRIC BY THE COUNTY AND THIS WAS THE METHOD SPECIFIED FOR INSTALLATION. IT TOOK LONGER BUT WE FEEL IT RESULTED IN A GOOD INSTALLATION THAT WILL GIVE US SOME GOOD RESEARCH INFORMATION. Material is not topsoil, reclaimed bit. And aggr.

120. 120 Hubbard County 2000 Project(Saw and Seal) SAW AND SEAL SECTION WITHOUT GEOSYNTHETICS.SAW AND SEAL SECTION WITHOUT GEOSYNTHETICS.

121. 121 Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) MN/DOT HAS CONSTRUCTED A TEST SECTION AT APPROXIMATELY THIS LOCATION ON A HIGHWAY THROUGH A LARGE BOG WHICH IS THE ONLY PAVED ACCESS TO LOW COUNTY FROM THE SOUTH.MN/DOT HAS CONSTRUCTED A TEST SECTION AT APPROXIMATELY THIS LOCATION ON A HIGHWAY THROUGH A LARGE BOG WHICH IS THE ONLY PAVED ACCESS TO LOW COUNTY FROM THE SOUTH.

122. 122 Mn/DOT Con�t. The Minnesota Department of Transportation is testing 4 different types of geosynthetics to determine the most cost-effective design in eliminating a severe longitudinal crack on a section of T.H. 72. THE T.H. MEANS �TRUNK HIGHWAY� IN MINNESOTA WHICH IS A HIGHWAY THE STATE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR BOTH THE MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION. THE T.H. MEANS �TRUNK HIGHWAY� IN MINNESOTA WHICH IS A HIGHWAY THE STATE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR BOTH THE MAINTENANCE AND CONSTRUCTION.

123. 123 Mn/DOT Con�t. This is the typical severe crack Its like the the energizer battery, keeps going & going. And keeps coming back each year. This road is on top of bad soils as shown in the next slide.This is the typical severe crack Its like the the energizer battery, keeps going & going. And keeps coming back each year. This road is on top of bad soils as shown in the next slide.

124. 124 Construction of State Highway 72 Now you can understand why there is a longitudinal crack. The soils are similar to what most Minnesotan�s refer to as loon____!Now you can understand why there is a longitudinal crack. The soils are similar to what most Minnesotan�s refer to as loon____!

125. 125 Mn/DOT Con�t. Constructed in 1997. Each test segment is � mi. in length. Geosynthetics placed under the aggregate base in each section. Geosynthetics tested are: -Type V Woven Geotextile -Type VI Woven Geotextile -Biaxial Geogrid -Geocell (8 in.) The rest of the road received an overlay in the same year, crack was back the next except in the test sections.The rest of the road received an overlay in the same year, crack was back the next except in the test sections.

126. 126 Mn/DOT Con�t. Constructed � at a time, wrinkles! This fabric field sewn transversely every 11� so as to prevent a centerline seam. Grid was placed the same way except it wasn�t hogtied, just overlapped.. Constructed � at a time, wrinkles! This fabric field sewn transversely every 11� so as to prevent a centerline seam. Grid was placed the same way except it wasn�t hogtied, just overlapped..

127. 127 Mn/DOT Con�t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

128. 128 Mn/DOT Con�t. Type V Geotextile 10-11-02 Geocell Type VI Geotextile Biaxial Geogrid Upper left is Type V, upper right is type IV, lower left is Geocell, and lower right is the grid which is performing the best. All are doing the job. The longitudinal crack is there as you can see on the bottom right slide only 200� from the first test section.Upper left is Type V, upper right is type IV, lower left is Geocell, and lower right is the grid which is performing the best. All are doing the job. The longitudinal crack is there as you can see on the bottom right slide only 200� from the first test section.

129. 129 Mn/DOT Con�t. Non-geosynthetic sections 250� and 500� south of test area on Oct. 11, 02 This is after 5 winters and the longitudinal crack was back the next year after the overlay. Other fixes have been tried unsuccessfully as well. If the geosynthetics have this effect on this crack, it must have some effect on any type of design as well. This is after 5 winters and the longitudinal crack was back the next year after the overlay. Other fixes have been tried unsuccessfully as well. If the geosynthetics have this effect on this crack, it must have some effect on any type of design as well.

130. 130 Mn/DOT Con�t. According to the latest review from Mn/DOT, the geogrid appears to be performing the best. Planning to use a grid on this project when it is reconstructed in 2005. Geocell installation was estimated at 10x the cost of grid or geotextile. THERE ARE VERY FEW TRANSVERSE CRACKS AT THIS TIME IN ANY OF THE SEGMENTS. THERE ARE VERY FEW TRANSVERSE CRACKS AT THIS TIME IN ANY OF THE SEGMENTS.

131. 131 Mn/DOT Future Typical Most difficult will be to construct � at a time. They need a champion, anyone interested in applying.Most difficult will be to construct � at a time. They need a champion, anyone interested in applying.

132. 132 Mn Local Road Research Board 2000 Geosynthetic Research Project 45 mi. of roadway segment with geosynthetic & 5 mi. non-geosynthetic 10-year period Mn/DOT�s Pathways van will record annually� Number of cracks Ride Rutting Started first run last Nov. 2001. This is a long term commitment to monitor which varies from many research type projects. It takes time to determine if there is benefits and this is a first for this type of research for the Local Road Research board. Article in a roads magazine in 1993 where geosynthetic buried in 1973 and dug up in 1993.This is a long term commitment to monitor which varies from many research type projects. It takes time to determine if there is benefits and this is a first for this type of research for the Local Road Research board. Article in a roads magazine in 1993 where geosynthetic buried in 1973 and dug up in 1993.

133. 133 LRRB 10 YEAR STUDY (Roseau, Polk, Hubbard, & Lake of the Woods Counties) This are the typical results we will be analyzing annually. Will get rutting, crack counts, and ride to determine a rating for the road May not see much in the first 5 years, but towards the end, we should see some results. This are the typical results we will be analyzing annually. Will get rutting, crack counts, and ride to determine a rating for the road May not see much in the first 5 years, but towards the end, we should see some results.

134. 134 LRRB 10 YEAR STUDY Better look at the graph This shows very little rutting The roads were in good shape to start which is what is needed for comparison.Better look at the graph This shows very little rutting The roads were in good shape to start which is what is needed for comparison.

135. 135 LRRB 10 YEAR STUDY This measures the ride. This is not a bad ride.This measures the ride. This is not a bad ride.

136. 136 LRRB 10 YEAR STUDY LOW CSAH 3 Shows the start of the geo and the non-geo. There is a slight difference.LOW CSAH 3 Shows the start of the geo and the non-geo. There is a slight difference.

137. 137 Conclusion Anticipate reduction of transverse and longitudinal cracks resulting in less maintenance Stronger roadway Dramatic reduction to near elimination of frost boil action More economical future preservation type fixes (1.5 in. OL vs. 3 in., seal coats, mill & OL,). No notesNo notes

138. 138 Conclusion, Con�t. The data collected should help to determine what maintenance benefits can be expected from the integration of geosynthetics into roadway designs. Anticipate the data will support our present conclusions.

139. 139 We feel there are maintenance benefits from utilizing geosynthetics in the structural design of roads. Not just for isolated areas of poor subsoils Design as part of the typical section OBSERVATIONS OF OUR LONG TERM USE OF FABRICS ARE PRODUCING SOME INTERESTING BENEFITS OTHER THAN WHAT THEY WERE ORIGINALLY DESIGNED.OBSERVATIONS OF OUR LONG TERM USE OF FABRICS ARE PRODUCING SOME INTERESTING BENEFITS OTHER THAN WHAT THEY WERE ORIGINALLY DESIGNED.

140. 140 Reality vs. Geosynthetics LOW CSAH 1 Temporary TH Detour - Spring 2002 w/Type V Geotextile LOW 2002 Summer Flooding 2 slides on the left are of a LOW CSAH used for state highway Detour in spring 2002, less cost to fix as the fabric under the aggregate maintained the quality of the aggregate by maintaining separation of the soil. Flood in 2002, may have saved some erosion of soils in the slides on the right.2 slides on the left are of a LOW CSAH used for state highway Detour in spring 2002, less cost to fix as the fabric under the aggregate maintained the quality of the aggregate by maintaining separation of the soil. Flood in 2002, may have saved some erosion of soils in the slides on the right.

141. 141 FLOODED ROAD NO FABRIC See what fabric could have done! See what fabric could have done!

142. 142 These pictures may show you why folks with township type of roads get frustrated�often.These pictures may show you why folks with township type of roads get frustrated�often.

143. 143 Typical town road. Hardly any gravel on dirt. No drainageTypical town road. Hardly any gravel on dirt. No drainage

144. 144 This is typical of township roads in the spring. They fix it the same year after year and get the same results year after year. Unless they do something different as in the next slide.This is typical of township roads in the spring. They fix it the same year after year and get the same results year after year. Unless they do something different as in the next slide.

145. 145 Township Road Reality Check This is from Birch Lake Township in Northern Mn. It�s the Townships first experience with doing something different. Always used rock to fix year after year. Tried fabric secretly Now they want more Fabric begins at the bottom of the upper right slide and ends at the dark area as shown in the right slide at the front of the car.This is from Birch Lake Township in Northern Mn. It�s the Townships first experience with doing something different. Always used rock to fix year after year. Tried fabric secretly Now they want more Fabric begins at the bottom of the upper right slide and ends at the dark area as shown in the right slide at the front of the car.

146. 146 Town road fabric installationTown road fabric installation

147. 147 They shoud have started in one end, but it may still help the road.They shoud have started in one end, but it may still help the road.

148. 148 Finishing the job. Now walt has some more demonstrations to show you how to finish the job. This next slide is to advise you when you decide to design with Geosynthetics,��. don�t let anyone trip you up.Finishing the job. Now walt has some more demonstrations to show you how to finish the job. This next slide is to advise you when you decide to design with Geosynthetics,��. don�t let anyone trip you up.

149. 149 NEAR THE END And now we�ve composed a song on geosynthetics called the road building blues. Blues brothers from long time ago.And now we�ve composed a song on geosynthetics called the road building blues. Blues brothers from long time ago.

150. 150 THE END Walter Leu: Phone # 218-723-4960, ext. 3004 E-mail: walter.leu@state.dot.mn.us Luane Tasa: Phone # 218-755-3808 E-mail: luane.tasa@state.dot.mn.us Mn Local Road Research Board Web Site: http://www.lrrb.gen.mn.us/ THESE ARE OUR E-MAIL ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS IF YOU WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION AND ALSO THE MN LOCAL ROAD RESEARCH BOARD HAS A WEBSITE WITH THIS PRESENTATION ON IT FOR YOU TO DOWNLOAD IF YOU�D LIKE. And now we have a few more slides to show you.THESE ARE OUR E-MAIL ADDRESSES AND PHONE NUMBERS IF YOU WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION AND ALSO THE MN LOCAL ROAD RESEARCH BOARD HAS A WEBSITE WITH THIS PRESENTATION ON IT FOR YOU TO DOWNLOAD IF YOU�D LIKE. And now we have a few more slides to show you.

151. 151 Additional slideAdditional slide