The Road to Revolution

3. The Road to Revolution

4. Effects of the War on Britain? 1. It increased the colonial empire in the Americas. 2. It greatly increased England’s debt. 3. Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that amajor reorganization of theAmerican Empire was necessary!

5. Effects of the War on the American Colonials 1.It united them against a common enemy for the first time. 2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated. 3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

6. The British Empire

7. Where’s Great Britain? Where’s England? The Island of Great Britain Great Britain (is not) recognized as a separate country in modern times, but rather that term politically describes the combination of England, Scotland, and Wales. "

8. What is Parliament?The colonies had zero representation.

9. Road to Revolution Albany Plan of Union • Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin • Called for a council of delegates from each colony with a leader appointed by the British king • Not approved because each colony wanted to control its own taxes and make its own decisions 1

10. 1763 Road to Revolution Proclamation of 1763 • Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains • Disliked by many of the colonists 2

11. King George III (1738-1820) • King of England. • Instrumental in ending the French and Indian War in 1763. • Strong supporter of taxing the colonies to pay for the debt. • He opposed any compromise with the colonial government in America. • After loosing of the colonies, he withdrew his efforts at personal government and went insane.

12. George Grenville • In 1763 became Prime Minister • He was determined to reduce Britain's debt • He knew Britain was losing a lot of money because of smugglers • 1n 1767, Parliament authorizes “writs of assistance” to reduce smugglers

13. OR Warrants!!! What is “Writs of Assistance” • These legal documents allowed customs officers to enter any location to search for smuggled goods.

14. 1764 Road to Revolution Sugar Act • Tax on foreign molasses, sugar, wine, silks, coffee, and other luxury items • Colonists refused to pay it • See Video 3

15. 1765 Road to Revolution Quartering Act • Required colonists to house British soldiers and provide them with food and supplies 4

16. 1765 Road to Revolution Stamp Act • First direct tax on colonists by Parliament • Forced people to pay a tax on items such as newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents • Colonists believed it went against the idea of no taxation without representation (since no American voted in elections to Parliament) • See Video 5

17. Road to Revolution Sons/Daughters of Liberty • Protest group who helped organize boycotts • Sam Adams was an outspoken leader of the Sons of Liberty in Boston • Women signed pledges against drinking tea, promised not to buy British-made cloth, and met at spinning clubs to make their own cloth 6

18. Patriots or Terrorists? • Sons of Liberty was a secret society formed in protest of British rule. • They had a large role in the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Boston Tea Party. • 9 original members which included the leaders Samuel AdamsandPaul Revere Paul Revere Samuel Adams “If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or produce, in short, everything we possess? They tax us without having legal representation.” Samuel Adams

19. Britishlaws STAMP ACT PROTESTS • Between 1765 to 1766, the Sons of Liberty led over 40 protests up and down the colonial coastline. • Most of the protests are located in the Middle Colonies up through the New England Colonies. • Successful in forcing the British Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act. Stamp Act Protests: 1765 to 1766

20. Road to Revolution Boycott • Refusal to buy goods or have dealings with a country or other entity • Colonists boycotted (or, refused to buy or sell) British goods 7

21. 1766 Road to Revolution Declaratory Act • Act stated that parliament had the right to rule and tax the colonies • Passed after Parliament put an end to the Stamp Act, to warn colonists against future protests 8

22. 1767 Road to Revolution Townshend Acts • Set of laws designed to raise money from the colonies • Acts placed import taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper, and tea coming into America. • Acts also allowed British officials warrants to search anywhere for suspected smuggled goods. • See Video Charles Townshend spearheaded the Townshend Acts, but died before their detrimental effects became apparent. 9

23. 1770 Road to Revolution Boston Massacre • Boston citizens were angry at the sight of red-coated soldiers on the streets. • Group of Boston civilians began insulting and throwing snowballs at a British guard. More soldiers arrived. • Mob of civilians surrounded soldiers in protest, and in the confusion the soldiers fired their guns into the crowd and 5 civilians died. • Following Boston Massacre, Townshend Acts were repealed (ended), except for the tax on tea. 10

24. 1770 Road to Revolution Boston Massacre

25. 1767 Road to Revolution Townshend Acts • Set of laws designed to raise money from the colonies • Acts placed import taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper, and tea coming into America. • Acts also allowed British officials warrants to search anywhere for suspected smuggled goods. Charles Townshend spearheaded the Townshend Acts, but died before their detrimental effects became apparent. 9

26. 1772 Road to Revolution Committees of Correspondence • Network of communication for passing along news of British activity to the colonies • Organized by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts • Also formed in other colonies • See Video 11

27. 1773 Road to Revolution Tea Act • Designed to help the East India Company, who was struggling financially • Gave company exclusive rights to sell tea directly to the Americans without paying the British import tax • Cut out business for colonial sea captains and merchants • Colonists protested the act 12

28. 1773 Road to Revolution Boston Tea Party • Organized by a group of about 50 men (from the Sons of Liberty), disguised as Mohawk Indians • Dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor from a ship in Boston • See Video 13

29. 1774 Road to Revolution Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts • Laws meant to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party • Closed port of Boston until payment made for tea • British officials accused of a crime were to be tried in English rather than American courts • British troops could be quartered in any town in Massachusetts—even in private homes • Reduced Massachusetts’ right to self government • See Video 14

30. 1774 Road to Revolution Quebec Act • Extended the Canadian province of Quebec south to the Ohio River • Allowed French Canadians to keep their laws, language, and Roman Catholic religion • Colonists saw act as first step to keep American settlers out of the western lands 15

31. 1774 Road to Revolution First Continental Congress • Group of delegates from every colony except Georgia who met in Philadelphia • Did not seek independence at this time • Sought rather to right the wrongs that had been inflicted on the colonies and hoped that a unified voice would gain them a hearing in London • See Video 16

32. 1774 Road to Revolution Suffolk Resolves • Set of resolutions passed at a meeting in Boston • Demanded return to constitutional government • Demanded an end to trade with Great Britain • Plan for arming and training of militia • Paul Revere brought a copy to First Continental Congress, who passed the resolves 17

33. Road to Revolution Militia • A group of citizens who would be ready to fight in any emergency 18

34. Road to Revolution Minutemen • Members of a militia who could be ready to fight at a “minute’s” notice • Minutemen were usually 25 years of age or younger, and they were selected (from the militia) for their enthusiasm, reliability, and strength 19

35. 1775 Road to Revolution Lexington and Concord

36. Taking Sides Assignment • Analyze the many events that led the colonist to revolution. • BUT, you will be asked to look at each evnt, act, tax from the colonist perspective and the loyalist perspective

37. 1775 Road to Revolution Lexington and Concord • First battles of the American Revolution • British soldiers marched toward Concord to take American’s supply of guns and gunpowder • British were surprised by group of minutemen in Lexington (a town on the way to Concord) • British casualties were nearly three times those of the Americans 20

38. 1775 Road to Revolution Second Continental Congress • Delegates from all 13 colonies met in Philadelphia • George Washington chosen to build a Continental Army 21

39. 1775 Road to Revolution Olive Branch Petition • Petition sent to the King by the Second Continental Congress begging him to stop the war and make peace with the colonists • Unsuccessful—George III declared the Americans to be rebels and the colonies went to war 22