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The Ancient Greeks: Sparta and Athens Chapter 4 Section 2 Mrs. Deborah Thompson World History. Did you know?. Children in ancient Greece played many games we still play today including backgammon, checkers, hockey, and chess. Vocabulary Review!.
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The Ancient Greeks:Sparta and AthensChapter 4 Section 2Mrs. Deborah Thompson World History
Did you know? Children in ancient Greece played many games we still play today including backgammon, checkers, hockey, and chess
Vocabulary Review! • Tyrant– someone who takes power by force and rules with authority. • Oligarchy –rule by the few • Democracy – a citizen-run government. • Helot – workers captured and enslaved by the Spartans.
Tyranny in the City-States Changes in the Power Structure Powerful nobles with large farms seized power from the Greek kings. Tyrants, or people who take power by force and rule with total authority, arose. At the end of the Dark Age… Unhappy farmers demanded changes Farmers often had to borrow money from nobles and could not pay back the debt. Tyrants overthrew nobles because they had the backing of the common people. Farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles or were sold into slavery. Support came from the hoplites in the army, who were also farmers.
1 2 3 4 Most early Greek tyrants acted wisely and fairly. Athens had a democracy. Tyrants made themselves popular by building new marketplaces, temples, and protective walls. Most Greeks didn’t want rule by one person, so tyrants fell out of favor. Sparta had an oligarchy. By 500 B.C. most city-states became either oligarchies or democracies.
Life in Sparta Sparta was founded by the Dorians who invaded the Peloponnesus in the Dark Age. Started with … Then this happened … Sparta needed more land to grow, so they conquered and enslaved their neighbors. And that led to this … They called their captive workers helots, a Greeks word for “capture”. So this happened … Spartans feared that the helots might rebel against them. The results were … To keep the helots under control they created a strong military of boys and men.
Spartan Military They were harshly treated to make them tough. Children were raised to be soldiers or the mothers of soldiers. • Boys were sent to live in military barracks at the age of 7. Men trained heavily in combat and expected either to win or to die on the battlefield. At age 20, Spartan men entered the regular army and lived in the military barracks for another 10 years. Spartan men returned home at age of 30 but stayed in the army until age 60.
Spartan girls were trained in sports such as running, wrestling, and throwing the javelin. They kept fit to become healthy mothers. Spartan Women Women ran the homes and farms while the men were in the military and living in the barracks. Spartan women were freer than other Greek women and could own property.
Goddess Artemis was often seen as a Patron goddess and warrior in Sparta.
Means rule by a few. Ephors enforced the laws and managed tax collection. Two kings headed a council of elders. They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5 people to be ephors. The council included 28 citizens over age 60 and presented laws to an assembly. All Spartan men over age 30 belonged to the assembly. Oligarchy Sparta’s Government Assembly
The Spartans focused on military skills to control the people they conquered. Focused Military Training To prevent questioning of the Spartan system of government Spartans fell behind other Greeks in trade and they knew less about science and other subjects. Frowned upon citizens who studied literature or the arts. Banned travel abroad for any reason except military ones Spartans soldiers were strong and swift. Discouragedforeign visitors
Life in Athens Unlike Spartans, Athenians were more interested in building a democracy than building a military force. Main Idea: • Athens lay northeast of Sparta, at least a two-day trip away.
Athenian boys went to school where they learned reading, writing, math, music, and sports to become well rounded citizens. At age 18, boys finished school and became citizens. Women married and stayed home to keep house and to teach their own daughters. Athenian girls stayed at home and their mothers taught them spinning, weaving, and other household duties. Athenian Boys Athenian Girls
Early Athens Athens after 600 B.C. An assembly of citizens existed with few powers and the government was an oligarchy. Government of Athens Members of the assembly were chosen by lottery. 4. 1. Athenians rebelled against the nobles because many were farmers who owed money and had to sell themselves into slavery to pay their debts. Until the 600’s B.C., Athens was ruled by landowning nobles. 2. 5. Farmers demanded an end to all debts and land for the poor. 3. 6. In 594 B.C. the nobles turned to Solon as a leader.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8ztMlmavB w The 2004 Olympics
Canceled all the farmers debts. Freed those who had become slaves. Solon’s Reforms to the Government Refused to give away the wealthy nobles’ land. A council of 400 wealthy citizens wrote the laws but the assembly had to pass them. Allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly and law courts.
After Solon, there were 30 years of turmoil. A tyrant named Peisistratus seized power in 560 B.C. and won support of the poor by dividing large estate among landless farmers. 1. 2. He also loaned money poor people and gave them jobs in public works. 3. Cleisthenes came to power in 508 B.C. and reorganized the assembly. 4.
Reforms of Cleisthenes Gave assembly power Made Athens a Democracy Created a council of 500 citizens Power to debate matters openly, hear court cases and appoint army generals. Although women, foreign-born men, and slaves were excluded from voting. Helped the assembly carry out daily business such as: proposing laws, dealing with foreign countries, and overseeing the treasury.
The impact of Cleisthenes' reforms was felt almost immediately, revolutionizing all aspects of Athenian life. Democracy released unheard of potentials in its citizens and ushered in an age of achievement and prosperity. What happened to Cleisthenes after instituting his reforms is, however, a mystery.
