1 / 27

Lab Information

Explore the world of special nanomaterials and carbon nanotechnology, including unique structures, processes, and properties. Learn about micro and mesoporous materials, zeolites, core-shell structures, and carbon nanostructures like fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Discover the synthesis methods, properties, and potential applications of these innovative materials. The use of sol-gel processing, crystalline mesoporous structures, and core-shell structure examples will be covered in detail.

colbyd
Download Presentation

Lab Information

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lab Information • Prepare photoresist – groups of 3 to 4 people • 1 mg oil red (solvent red 27) • 3.5 g isobornyl acrylate (IBA) • 2.0 g 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (bis-GMA) • 0.18 g 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone (DMPA) • Wear gloves! • Expose photoresist with UV lamp (goggles will absorb UV)

  2. Special Nanomaterials &Carbon Nanotechnology(Section 4.4.6) NANO 101 Introduction to Nanotechnology

  3. What are “special nanomaterials”? • Materials that are made using unique processes • Materials that have unique structures and/or properties • Examples:

  4. Special Nanomaterials: Outline • Micro and Mesoporous Materials • Ex. Zeolites, Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) • Core-Shell Structures • Carbon Nanotechnology • Nanotubes • Fullerenes • Other organic molecules

  5. Micro and Mesoporous Materials http://greman.univ-tours.fr/axis-3/porous-silicon-for-dummies-page-1-276071.kjsp

  6. Random Mesoporous Structures • Variety of methods of synthesis • Oxidation of metal foils using acids • Radiation-track etching • Sol-gel processing • Sol-gel processing • aerogel: 75-90% porosity • xerogel: ~ 50 % porosity

  7. Sol Gel Processing http://www-cmls.llnl.gov/?url=science_and_technology-chemistry-solgel_chemistry

  8. Crystalline Mesoporous Structures: Zeolites • Crystalline aluminosilicates • First discovered in 1756 • 34 are naturally-occurring • 3-D framework with uniformly-sized pores • Pores: ~ 0.3 – 1.0 nm in diameter • Pore volumes: ~ 0.1 – 0.35 ml/g • Applications: • Catalysts • Adsorbents/molecular sieves

  9. Crystalline Mesoporous Structures: Zeolites Various arrangements • Rings • Cages • Channels • Chains N&N Fig. 6.13 N&N Fig. 6.12 http://omnibus.uni-freiburg.de/~weisenbt/7Zeolites/ZeoliteDefinition.html

  10. MOFs • Similar to zeolites, more syntheic flexibility

  11. Core-Shell Structures • Core and shell made of two different materials • Differences: • Crystal structure (lattices, arrangements of atoms) • Physical properties • Example: one metallic, one insulating • Method of synthesis

  12. Core-Shell Structure Example: Metal-Polymer • Membrane-Based Synthesis • Metal particles trapped inside pores • Add polymer solution into pores and react • Use as ligand and polyimerize Fratoddi et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:98

  13. Membrane Based Core-Shell • Au shell, polyaniline core Nano Lett. Sep 2006; 6(9): 2166–2171.

  14. Other Core-Shell • Semiconductor Passivation • More Tunability Chemistry of Materials 2011, 23, 4587–4598.

  15. Metallic conductor (graphite) Semiconductor (diamond) Insulating Polymer (hydrocarbon chains) 3-D 1-D 2-D 0-D Carbon Nanostructures Variety of properties Variety of structures

  16. Carbon Fullerenes • 0-dimensional carbon structure • Usually C60, but also refers to C70, C76, Cn (n > 60) • Every carbon site on C60 is equivalent • Bonded to three other carbons • average bond is 1.44 Å (C-C is 1.46 Å; C=C is 1.40 Å) • 20 hexagonal faces; 12 pentagonal faces • Diameter: 7.10 Å

  17. Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983): Architect, engineer, inventor; Developed the geodesic dome

  18. Synthesis of Fullerenes • Laser ablation (vaporizing graphite with a laser) • Plasma arcing of graphite or coal • Fullerenes found in the soot • Combustion synthesis • Burn hydrocarbon at low pressure http://cnx.org/contents/4a177b0e-1228-41d4-9d62-d4f0a9a3f335@1/Buckyballs:_Their_history_and_

  19. Carbon Nanotubes • Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT; SWNT) • Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT; MWNT) • Preparation: • Arc evaporation (plasma arcing) • Laser ablation • PECVD • Electrochemical methods • Addition of transition metal powder encourages SWNT growth

  20. Carbon Nanotubes • Armchair (b) Zigzag (c) Chiral

  21. Flavors of nanotubes • Armchair is metallic • Zigzag/Chiral are semiconducting (small bandgap) • Most methods produce mixture • Catalysts, sorting techniques to separate Nature512,61–64(07 August 2014)

  22. Properties of Carbon Nanotubes • Mechanical • Stiff and robust structures • C-C bonds in graphite (and nanotubes) is the one of the strongest bonds in nature • Flexible; do not break when bent • Conductivity • Extremely high thermal conductivity • Extremely high electrical conductivity • Potential Applications: • catalysis - hydrogen storage - biological cell electrodes • resistors - flow sensors - electron field emission tips • electronic/mechanical devices - scanning probe tips http://www.rps.psu.edu/hydrogen/form.html

  23. Carbon Nanotube Applications (NEMS) “Nantero is a nanotechnology company using carbon nanotubes for the development of next-generation semiconductor devices... In the field of memory, Nantero is developing NRAM™, a high-density nonvolatile Random Access Memory.” Cedric – computer made with SWNT -align nanotubes -obtain only semiconducting morphologies - 8 micron features http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24232896 http://www.nantero.com/

  24. Carbon Nanotube Applications Gold plate ~ (100 nm)2 attached to outer shell of suspended MWCNT (on Si wafer) “electrostatically rotate the outer shell relative to the inner core” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomotor

  25. Carbon Nanotube Applications • Aligned sheet of MWNT, Thermally activated Nanotechnology 22 (2011) 435704

  26. Other Organic Molecules acetone • Small molecules • solvents • metabolites • reactants or monomers • Large molecules; “macromolecules” • biomolecules • e.g. DNA, proteins, lipids • carbon nanotubes • polymers

  27. Organic Nanotechnology http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=4343.php http://www.kurzweilai.net/butterfly-molecule-could-lead-to-new-sensors-photoenergy-conversion-devices

More Related