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Agenda

Beyond 3G LTE/EPC (SAE ) LTE: Long Term Evolution SAE: System Architecture Evolution (Now EPC: Enhanced Packed Core). Agenda. Quick overview 3GPP / 3G Technologies Overview 4G Technologies LTE/SAE Architecture LTE/SAE Interfaces LTE/SAE Protocols. Japan. USA. What is 3GPP?.

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Agenda

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  1. Beyond 3GLTE/EPC (SAE ) LTE: Long Term EvolutionSAE: System Architecture Evolution (Now EPC: Enhanced Packed Core)

  2. Agenda • Quick overview 3GPP / 3G Technologies • Overview 4G Technologies • LTE/SAE Architecture • LTE/SAE Interfaces • LTE/SAE Protocols

  3. Japan USA What is 3GPP? • 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project • It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) • These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards • ITU references the regional standards

  4. 3G Technologies Overview • 3GPP : UMTS • Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service, upto 10 Mbps • Phase 2 : Uplink high-speed data, high-speed access for TDD • Phase 3 : Capacity Improvements in UL and DL, above 10 Mbps • 3GPP2 : cdma2000 • CDMA2000 1x : upto 144 Kbps • CDMA2000 1xEV-DO • high rate packet data (HRPD) service, separate carrier for data only • upto 2.4 Mbps on the downlink, 153 Kbps on the uplink • CDMA2000 1xEV-DV • All-IP architecture for radio access and core network, upto 3 Mbps • Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010) • 100 Mbps full-mobility wide area coverage • 1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage

  5. Introduction To 4G • 4G is term of Fourth-Generation Communications System. • End-to-end IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates than previous generations. • Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. • Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing

  6. - cont’d • High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit. • Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks. • Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements • Better scheduling and call admission control techniques. • Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

  7. Why Move Towards 4G? • Wider Bandwidth • Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards hampering global mobility and service portability • Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new integrated network • Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more efficient modulation schemes • Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video and data

  8. Where Do We Want to Go? • Seamless Roaming • Integrated “standard” Networks • Mobile Intelligent Internet • Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP Networks

  9. -cont’d • HSPA is the first progressive step toward delivering ‘triple play’ (telephony, broadband and TV) in a mobile broadband environment • Likely acceptance of mobile broadband and mobile triple play will raise the need for evolved UMTS; therefore it is vital that operators ensure the long term evolution of 3G infrastructure • The 3GPP RAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) task force was created at end 2004, notably considering the ‘Super 3G’ proposal of NTT DoCoMo • The proposed RAN architecture, placing increasing functionality within the NodeB, will be based on IP routing with existing 3G spectrum, providing speeds up to 100 Mbps by using channel – transmission bandwidth between 1.25MHz and 20MHz • 3GPP Evolved UMTS specifications should target availability of commercial products around 2008-2010

  10. 4G Networks Advances • Seamless mobility (roaming) • Roam freely from one standard to another • Integrate different modes of wireless communications – indoor networks (e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications • 100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area) • IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video • IP RAN • Open unified standards • Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) • Successor to “SS7”; replacement for TCP • Maintain several data streams within a single connection • Service Location Protocol (SLP) • Automatic resource discovery • Make all networked resources dynamically configurable through IP-based service and directory agents

  11. 3G To 4G Transition • 3.5 G • Evolved radio Interface • IP based core network • 4G • New Air Interface • Very high bit rate services • Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds

  12. 4G Vision

  13. All-IP Network Evolution Long Term Vision Time 3G Beyond 3G Evolution Phase AN first evolution path All-IP Network Present Network IP based MM network CN first evolution path Time Phase 2 Phase 0 Phase 3 Phase 1 3G Evolution and Vision • 3G Evolution • Long Term Vision

  14. 4G Vision

  15. 4G Vision • 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks wired and wireless networks (e.g.: computer, consumer electronics, communication technology…) • Providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments • End-to-end quality of service • High security • Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere • Affordable cost and one billing

  16. Wireless Access Evolution Subscribers • Broadband • Network Simplification • Cost of Ownership • Broadband • New Services • Efficiency • Voice Quality • Portability • Capacity • Coverage • Mobility 2G 4G 3G 1G Voice Broadband

  17. 1x EVDO HRPDA CDMA 2000-1X 1x EVDV Rel. C 1x EVDV Rel. D Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements 4G Air Interfaces Wide Area Mobile 3GPP2 MOBILE BROADBAND LTE UMTS GPRS EDGE GSM HSPA 3GPP 802.16e (Mobile WIMAX) Mobile Industry Coverage/Mobility Nomadic Metro Area 802.16a/d (Fixed NLOS) Fixed Wireless Industry 802.11n (smart antennas) 802.11 Mesh extns. 802.16 (Fixed LOS) DSL Experience Dial Up Local Area Fixed 802.11b/a/g Data Rates (kbps) 100,000 + Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

  18. Intro To LTE studied and developed in 3GPP is an evolution of 3G into an evolved radio access referred to as the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and an evolved packet access core network in the System Architecture Evolution (SAE). • 4G Technology • Broadband Wireless • Triple Play (Voice, Video & Data) • All IP-Network • Integrated Technology • True high-speed mobile data • Full-motion HD video anywhere • Stream any content • Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 • Common core for all access technology • Centralized IMS services Common applications across access technology • Spectrum flexibility 1.25 to 20MHz for re-use in existing spectrum • End-2-End QoS Allow prioritization of different class of service • All-IP vision: base stations become an access router

  19. 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) • 3GPP (LTE) is Adopting: • OFDMA in DL with 64QAM • All IP e2e Network • Channel BWs up to 20 MHz • Both TDD and FDD profiles • Flexible Access Network • Advanced Antenna Technologies • UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional) • 4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell

  20. LTE (Long Term Evaluation) Supply Bandwidths from 1.25-20 MHz Subcarriers spacing 15kHz. Bit rate up to 100Mbps, and by using MIMO the speed should reach 350Mbps ! SC-FDMA for U.L. & OFDM for D.L.

  21. 3G Evolution LTE / SAE • Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution) • Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency • Simplification of the radio network • Efficient support of packet based services: MBMS, IMS, etc. • Evolved-UTRAThe air interface, Evolved-UTRA (E-UTRA) is used by UMTS operators in deploying their own wireless networks. The E-UTRA system uses OFDMA for the downlink and Single Carrier FDMA for the uplink. It uses MIMO with a maximum of four antennas per station. • Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) • Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput • Simplification of the core network • Optimization for IP traffic and services • Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

  22. Faster 40-100Mbps Fiber like speed on mobile • True high-speed mobile data • Full-motion HD video anywhere • Stream any content • Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 • Quadruple play • Faster email access • Instantaneous web pages EDGE ADSL EVDO-A HSDPA ADSL-2+ LTE Fiber Mbps

  23. Lower Cost • Spectral efficiencyBetter utilization of spectrum available • Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart AntennaFor improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership • Increased CapacityMuch higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery • Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service deliveryFewer nodes & interfaces (Node-B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies • Connect to legacy coresExisting network asset investment protection • 3GPP/2 Market tractionEconomy of scale $ UMTS rel.99 voice call cost 10% LTE VoIP cost* Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research 3GPP subscribers 85% market share

  24. More Responsive 10-5msec latency Highly Responsive Multimedia • Improved user experience • Fast VoIP call set-up • Instantaneous web pages • Streaming fast buffering • Online mobile gaming EDGE ADSL EVDO-A HSDPA ADSL-2+ LTE Fiber

  25. LTE Key agreements • 2 main issues have been investigated: • The physical layer • The access network internal architecture • Physical layer • Downlink based on OFDMA • OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc • Uplink based on SC-FDMA • SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices • (battery power considerations) • For both FDD and TDD modes (User Equipment to support both) • With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA framing also • Access Network consideration • For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes

  26. Expectations for 3GPP Evolution • End User • Ubiquitous mobile access • Easy access to applications & services • Appropriate quality at reasonable cost • Long battery life • Enhanced security • Network Operators • QoS and security management • Flexibility in network configuration • Reduced cost of equipment • Maximized usage and sharing capabilities • Single authentication • Manufacturer/Application Developer • Reduced cost of equipment • Access to global market • Programmable platforms

  27. 3G Long Term Evolution • RAN • Long term target peak data rates • Up to 100 Mbps in full mobility, wide area deployments • Up to 1 Gbps in low mobility, local area deployments • Long term spectral efficiency target: • In a single (isolated) cell, up to 5-10 bps/Hz • In a multi-cellular case, up to 2-3 bps/Hz • Reaching the peak data rate targets • by gradual evolution of existing 3GPP (UTRAN) and alternate access means (e.g. WLAN) • by new access techniques • CN • Seamless integrated network • Broadband and multiple bearer service capability • Interworking between 3GPP mobile network and other networks • Ad-hoc networking approach

  28. 3GPP LTE and SAE • Goal of LTE • Significantly increased peak data rates, scaled linearly according to spectrum allocation • Targets: • Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz) • Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)

  29. 3GPP LTE and SAE • In the Core network: • The LTE effort to meet the technical and performance requirements requires a reduction in the number of network nodes involved in data processing and transport. This has resulted in new System Architecture Evolution (SAE) which becomes the core network architecture of 3GPP's future LTE wireless communication standard. • Services are provided by IMS core • One node to provide the SGSN and GGSN functionality • Mobility Management Entity and User Plan Entity might be collocated in the Access Gateway entity but this is still an open point • Full architecture provided with two nodes IMS

  30. 3GPP LTE and SAE • SAE focus is on: • enhancement of Packet Switched technology to cope with rapid growth in IP traffic • higher data rates • lower latency • packet optimised system • through • fully IP network • simplified network architecture • distributed control

  31. LTE Architecture Evolved Packet Core MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity eNB = eNodeB

  32. MME/GW S1-C S1-C S1-C X2 X2 eNode B eNode B eNode B eUTRAN (LTE) interfacesLogical view Evolved Packet Core Evolved UTRAN

  33. 1.4 MHz 20 MHz TX TX OFDMA SC-FDMA Key LTE radio access features • LTE radio access • Downlink: OFDM • Uplink: SC-FDMA • Advanced antenna solutions • Diversity • Beam-forming • Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) • Spectrum flexibility • Flexible bandwidth • New and existing bands • Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

  34. 3GPP LTE and SAE • System Architecture Evolution • Looking at the implications for the overall architecture resulting from: • 3GPP’s (Radio Access Network) LTE work • 3GPP All-IP Network specification (TS22.978) • the need to support mobility between heterogeneous access networks

  35. 3GPP LTE and SAE • SAE architecture MME – Mobility Management Entity UPE – User Plane Entity AS – Access System Red indicates new functional element / interface

  36. SAE Componenets • Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for GERAN and UTRAN Networks • Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks • PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks • Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization • User Plane Entity (UPE) - to manage user contexts, ciphering, packet routing and forwarding, and mobility • 3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems • SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs • Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

  37. Interfaces • S1-MME: The S1-MME interface provides the control plane protocol between the LTE RAN and MME. • S1-U: The S1-U interface provides a per bearer user plane tunneling between the LTE RAN and Serving GW. It contains support for path switching during handover between eNodeBs. S1-U is based on the GTP-U protocol that is also used for Iu user plane in the Rel-7 architecture. • S3: The S3 interface enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn interface as defined between SGSNs. • S4: The S4 interface provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW and is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN. • S5: The S5 interface provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility, and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity. There are two variants of the S5 interface, one based on the GTP protocol and one IETF variant based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP).

  38. Interfaces contd. • S6a: The S6a interface enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS. • S7: The S7 interface provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW. The interface is based on the Gx interface. • S8a: The S8a interface is the roaming interface in case of roaming with home routed traffic. It provides user plane with related control between the Serving GW in the VPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. It is based on the GTP protocol and the Gp interface as defined between SGSN and GGSN. S8a is a variant of S5 for the roaming (inter-PLMN) case. There is also an IETF variant of called S8b that is based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP). • S10: The S10 interface between MMEs provides MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer. • S11: The S11 interface is the interface between MME and Serving GW. • SGi: The SGi interface is the interface between the PDN GW and the packet data network. Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This interface corresponds to Gi and Wi interfaces and support any 3GPP or non-3GPP access.

  39. OFDM Characteristics • High peak-to-average power levels • Preservation of orthogonally in severe multi-path • Efficient FFT based receiver structures • Enables efficient TX and RX diversity • Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization • Support for adaptive modulation by sub-carrier • Frequency diversity • Robust against narrow-band interference • Efficient for simulcasting • Variable/dynamic bandwidth • Used for highest speed applications • Supports dynamic packet access

  40. Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.3 Ch.4 Ch.5 Ch.6 Ch.7 Ch.8 Ch.9 Ch.10 A Conventional multicarrier techniques frequency Ch.2 Ch.4 Ch.6 Ch.8 Ch.10 Ch.1 Ch.3 Ch.5 Ch.7 Ch.9 B 50% bandwidth saving frequency Orthogonal multicarrier techniques OFDM Traditional FDM Signal and OFDM

  41. OFDMA Symbol Structure The OFDMA symbol structure consists of three types of sub-carriers as shown in Figure. Data sub-carriers for data transmission Pilot sub-carriers for estimation and synchronization purposes Null sub-carriers for no transmission: DC carriers

  42. All Sub carrier need to Orthogonal

  43. Duplexing Technique FDD/TDD • Multiple Access Method TDMA/OFDMA OFDM Symbols allocated by TDMA Sub-Carriers within an OFDM Symbol allocated by OFDMA • Diversity Frequency, Time, Code (CPE and BS), Space Time Coding, Antenna Array

  44. Duplexing - Principles FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing ) Uses One Frequency for the DownLink, and a Second Frequency for the UpLink. TDD (time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink. In any configuration the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .

  45. LTE Time Line

  46. Mass deployment Commercial deployment start Standard aimed to be finalized Trial start Year Standard aimed to be developed Initial study completed 2008 2009 2010 2015 2006 2007 Source: 3GPP &UMTS-Forum LTE/SAE Technology Life Cycle • LTE (Long Term Evolution),a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for radio access technology. • SAE(System Architecture Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for core network. • LTE and SAE have been approached independently, however by enhancing each other, they are no more separable today.

  47. Reported Subscriptions (million) 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Other CDMA Mobile WiMAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE Mobile broadband speed evolution LTE Evolution LTE HSPA Evolution HSPA 3G- R’99 Target 1 Gbps Peak rate 384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 7/14 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps 2013 2002 2005 2007 2008/2009 2009

  48. Cooperation with Huawei Sold to ALU 2006 Wireless BroadbandMain vendor strategies Focus Support

  49. Thank You For Your PassionQ & A

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