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America and the British Empire

America and the British Empire. Unit 2 AP Outline 2 1650-1763 VA SOLS 11.1-11.3. Mayflower Compact. First written law for the land Purpose: to set up a government within themselves, and was written by those to be governed

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America and the British Empire

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  1. America and the British Empire Unit 2 AP Outline 2 1650-1763 VA SOLS 11.1-11.3

  2. Mayflower Compact • First written law for the land • Purpose: to set up a government within themselves, and was written by those to be governed • Was essentially a social contract which forced settlers to follow rules established by the compact in order for the survival of the settlement. • 41 males signed it

  3. The Colonies The colonies were divided into three different sectors • New England • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

  4. Proprietary, Charter, and Royal Colonies • Proprietary • British King’s granted territory to an individual or groups • Groups actually owned the colony and were responsible for it to the king • Charter • British government gave rights to a group of investors/shareholders • Once the colonies obtained permission they had to obey the charter. Charter colonies had some say on decisions. • Royal • Under direct control of the government/monarch. The king usually appointed a Governor who had control to sell all public lands among other tasks.

  5. New England Colonies

  6. New England Colonies • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Rhode Island • Connecticut

  7. New Hampshire • Started out as a proprietary colony later turned into a royal charter • Founded by Captain John Mason • Was originally a part of Massachusetts until 1679 when the King made it its own separate colony • Its economy was based on fishing, textile industries, potato farming, and shipbuilding

  8. Massachuetts • Massachusetts Bay Colony • John Winthrop -first elected governor • General Court made up of governor, high deputy, magistrates, and members of the corporation-freemen. • Puritan emigration to Massachusetts-The Great Migration (do not confuse with the pop shift during WWI of blacks to the North)

  9. Massachuetts Bay Colony

  10. Massachuetts • Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims-separatists (believed Anglican church was so corrupt, they must establish their own church) • Puritans-family should be governed in the same way that kings ruled over society. They wanted to purify the Anglican church, however they did not necessarily want to separate from it

  11. Plymouth Colony

  12. John Winthrop • Led a group of English Puritans to the New World and then joined the Massachusetts Bay colony • Later became governor • developed the idea of a “city on a hill” • Live God’s way because the world is watching

  13. John Winthrop

  14. Salem Witch Trials • Resulted from a development of tension between the Puritan idea of a small tight-knit community and the idea of a colony based on trade and commerce • Social clashes existing in the colony • Mainly older women were accused of practicing witchcraft- 100 people jailed-19 executed

  15. Salem Witch Trials • Accusers were members of the old farming communities • Accused were part of the newer “secular class” • Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” • Book based on the Salem Witch Trials • McCarthy Trials of the 1950s were called a “witch hunt” for communists

  16. Salem Witch Trials

  17. Roger Williams • Founded Providence which later became Rhode Island • Believed in religious tolerationand separation of church and state • His ideas were dangerous and he was banished from Massachusetts

  18. Anne Hutchinson • Believed in religious toleration • Had her own interpretations of the Bible • Banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony • Considered a co-founder of Rhode Island with Roger Williams

  19. Rhode Island • In 1635 Roger Williams settled in Providence • In 1638 Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth • Colony practiced religious toleration • Received royal charter in 1663 which established religious freedom • Had livestock, dairy, fishing, and lumbering industries • Was a self governing colony- didn’t have an appointed governor

  20. Connecticut • Thomas Hooker-believedthat suffrage should not be limited to male church members only • He founded Hartford • Helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Marked the beginning of the colony of Connecticut • Declared freedom from all things except God

  21. Connecticut • Its major industries included growing wheat, corn, and also fishing. • Had a self governing government, with no governor

  22. Dominion of New England • Instituted by King James II in 1686 • Governed by Sir Edmund Andros governed as the head of Mass., N.H, Conn., R.I., and N.Y. • Increase the power of the governor of the area • Occurred after resistance in Mass. to the unfair Navigation Acts

  23. Dominion of New England • Without an elective assembly • Overthrown by Boston militiamen in 1689 • (After the Glorious Revolution) • Sir Edmund Andros (right)

  24. Middle Colonies

  25. Middle Colonies • New Jersey • New York • Pennsylvania • Delaware

  26. New Jersey • Established originally by the Swedish and Dutch • England took over and ownership was given to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley • Its major industries included ironworking and lumbering

  27. New Jersey • It was a proprietary colony • Its main purpose was to increase trade and profits

  28. New York • Was first established by the Dutch East Indie Co. • In 1664 King Charles II decided to reclaim the territory he gave the land to the Duke of York • Started off as a proprietary colony but later became a royal colony • Its economy was based on shipbuilding and ironworks • Major agricultural products were cattle, grain, wheat, rice, and indigo

  29. Pennsylvania • English Quakers-religious toleration & pacifism • William Penn-wanted to make area haven for the Society of Friends • Philadelphia- “City of Brotherly Love” • MOST important colonial port in North America

  30. Pennsylvania • Its agricultural industries included wheat, corn, cattle, and dairy • Had important shipbuilding, textile, and paper industries • Proprietary colony

  31. Pennsylvania William Penn

  32. Delaware • Colonized by the Dutch and Swedish, then became a colony of the English • In 1682 it was given to William Penn • Became its own colony in 1702 • Proprietary colony

  33. Delaware • Had very important fishing and lumber industries • Had diverse religious groups

  34. Southern Colonies

  35. Southern Colonies • North Carolina Maryland • South Carolina • Georgia • Virginia

  36. North Carolina • Proprietary Colony-later became royal colony • Lost colony of Roanoke was located in that area • First colonial settlers were from Virginia • Its economy was based around indigo, rice, and tobacco

  37. South Carolina • Founded in 1670 by English colonists • Important products were indigo, tobacco, rice, and cattle • Proprietary colony

  38. Georgia • James Oglethorpe- founder of colony of Georgia in 1733 • Debtor’s prison • Royal Colony • Buffer against Spanish • Major products were rice, • indigo and sugar

  39. Virginia • English joint-stock companies raised capital by selling shares • Jamestown Settlement- first permanent English settlement in North America • FOUNDER JOHN SMITH • John Rolfe-planted tobacco; married Powatan Princess-Pocohontas

  40. Virginia • Plantation agriculture • Major products were tobacco, wheat, and corn • Royal colony

  41. John Rolfe • Cultivated success crop of tobacco • Married Powhatan Princess Pocahontas

  42. Jamestown

  43. House of Burgesses • First elected legislative assembly in the New World • Established in 1619 in Virginia

  44. Bacon’s Rebellion • An uprising in 1676 lead by wealthy planter Nathaniel Bacon • Protest against Native American attacks/ lack of protection on the frontier

  45. Maryland • Proprietary colony • King Charles I gave land to Calvert family • Turn into feudal colonies with rents • ONLY English colony where CATHOLICS colonized

  46. Maryland • Named Maryland in honor of King’s wife • Landlords appointed to governing council • Cash crop was tobacco • Toleration Act of 1649- All Christians could settle in Maryland

  47. French Colonies • French had no permanent settlements in Canada until 1608 • Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec • Few colonists ever came • Climate undesirable • Huguenots-Protestants in France/believers in Calvinism - were legally forbidden from emigrating • Fur trade thrived

  48. Coureur des bois • Fur trappers in the New World engaged in fur trade without permission from the French government • Late 17th and early 18th century

  49. Jesuits • French missionaries in the New World

  50. King Phillip’s War • King Phillip’s War • Disaster for Indian people • Colonial army burned villages, killed people, and defeated Indians in –The Great Swamp Fight. • Iroquois Confederacy created alliance with NY (Covenant Chain) which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all of colonies • END of organized Indian resistance

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