Chapter IV Transportation system analysis & Project Evaluation Er . Guru Datta Adhikari

1. Chapter IVTransportation system analysis & Project EvaluationEr. Guru DattaAdhikari

2. Driving Factors in Transportation Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

3. Transportation System Dimensions Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

4. Transportation Characterization Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

5. Transportation System analysis • Characteristics of benefit and cost measurement • Framework of evaluation • cost-effective evaluation Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

6. What is Evaluation? • It is the process of determining the desirability of different courses of action and of presenting information to decision makers in a comprehensive and useful form. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

7. Determining desirability requires… • Defining how value is to be measured; • Estimating the sources and timing of the benefits and costs of the proposed action; • Comparing these benefits and costs to determine the level of effectiveness for that alternative. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

8. Questions that form the basis of evaluation: • Appropriateness: • What information required on impacts and trade-offs is required for the decisions that need to be made? • Do the objectives attained by the alternative? • Do the objectives attained by the alternative reflect previously specified community goals and objectives. • Equity: • What is the distribution of benefits and costs among the members of community? • Do any groups pay shares of the costs that are disproportionate to the benefits they receive? • Effectiveness: • Is the alternative like to produce the desired results? • To what extent community goals are attained? 4 How are the predicted impacts modified when analysis assumptions are changed ? Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

9. 4. adequacy: • Does the alternative correspond to the scale of the problem? • Are there other alternatives that might be considered? 5. Efficiency: • Does the alternative provide sufficient benefits to justify the cost? • In comparison with other alternatives, are the additional benefits provided worth the extra cost? 6. Implementation feasibility: • will the funds available to implement the alternative on schedule? • Are there any administrative or legal barriers to alternative implementation? • Are there groups who are likely to oppose the alternative? 6. Sensitivity analysis: • How are the predicted impacts modified when analysis assumptions are changed? • What is the likelihood of these changes occurring? Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

10. Principles for developing a set of alternatives • Alternative should be defined in terms of their design concept and scope. • Alternative should respond directly to a clear statement. • Should be developed through a process of considering all reasonable options. • Set of alternatives should be structured to provide a range of options to decision makers. • Each alternative should be defined to make it as competitive as possible. • Alternatives should be identified and refined in an open, well documented process. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

11. Evaluation criteria for major investment studies • Prescreening criteria: (unsuitability/fatal flaw analysis) • Is the alternative consistent with regional goals and objectives? • Is alternative affordable? • Does the alternative have an irresolvableenvironmental impacts? • Does the alternative have an irresolvable community or agency opposition? • Is the technology proven in revenue service? Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

12. 2. Screening criteria: • How consistent is the alternative with regional goals /policies? • How affordable is the alternative? • What are the primary environmental Impacts? • How well does the alternative address the corridor’s mobility problem? Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

13. Detail level evaluation: Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

14. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

15. Evaluation should have following characteristics: • Evaluation should focus on the decisions being faced by decision makers. • Evaluation should relate the consequences of alternatives to goals and objectives • Evaluation should determine how different groups are affected by transportation proposals… • Evaluation should be sensitive to the time frame. • Evaluation should produce information on the likely impacts of alternatives • Evaluation should analyze the implementation requirements of each alternative • Evaluation should assess the financial feasibility of the actions recommended in the plan. • Evaluation should provide information to the decision makers on the value of alternatives. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

16. Characteristics of Benefit and cost measurements • Real and pecuniary (financial) impacts: • real benefits are realized by final consumers of a project or that add to a community’s overall wale fare. • Pecuniary benefits are gained at the expense of other individuals or groups (redistribution of income). Increase in land values resulting from improved transportation accessibility. 2. Benefits and costs can be Direct or indirect benefits: • Directs are related to the objectives of the investment • Indirect are by-product. • Reduce travel times (direct benefit) • Increased demand for housing near rail station (indirect) 3. Benefits and costs result in tangible or intangible benefits and costs: • Tangible B & C can be assigned monetary values: benefits measured by the price at market place and cost being measured by the price of the inputs needed to deliver the service. • Intangible benefits and costs can not be easily measured with the price at marketplace. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

17. 4. Benefits and costs can be defined as internal or external to the study area: • Improvement of metropolitan transport facilities with short and long distance travelers • Improvement of air quality 5. Distinction between user and non user costs: • Conventionally, user benefits and cost are were usually measured in monetary terms. • The monetary value of user travel time saving was an important benefit for the evaluation and was often single large contributor to a project’s over all benefits. • In recent years, the definition of benefits and costs has been expanded to include: • many nonuser impacts • Dislocation of businesses & homes • Environmental degradation • Impacts on Land-use pattern Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

18. 6. Benefits and costs can be made as total and incremental • Total cost include the total outlay used to construct and operate the alternative • Incremental costs are additional costs associated with the proposed changes to the existing system. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

19. Selection CriteriaProgramming process • Programming: “Matching of available projects with available funds to accomplish the goals of a given period” considering: • Resource availability • Resource distribution • Staging of projects over time Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

20. Requirements of Transport improvement Projects (TIP) • The TIP must be updated at least every 2 years • Air quality conformity • Reasonable opportunity for public comment. • Must be financially constraints by years and must include financial plan. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

21. Key elements of capital programming • Setting program goals and objectives: • establish clear and measureable statements to meet its policy goals consistent with the state transportation plans • Establishing program performance measure: • Set criteria to enable the agency to measure the progress • Assessing needs and identifying the projects: • Identify and measure deficiencies, problems and needs • Identify alternative solutions • Evaluate the proposed project according to criteria • Project evaluation: • Evaluate proposed projects according to the consistent criteria • Priority setting and program development: • Organize work into program areas • Identify priorities fro each program • Set priorities for projects Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

22. Key elements of capital programming (Cont… • Program trade-offs: • Evaluate what the proposed program will achieve • Evaluate trade-offs • Determine level of resources allocation • Budgeting: • Develop expenditure plan based on available resources • Program implementation and monitoring: • Implement program • Monitor program • Track system conditions and performance over time • Evaluate results Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

23. Setting priorities for project selection • Approaches to provide information project priorities: • Goal achievement: • Numerical rating • Priority index • Programming evaluation matrices • Multi-objective system analysis techniques Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

24. Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari

25. Thank You !!! Transportation Planning & Engineering Er. GD Adhikari