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Unit 9: relationship

Unit 9: relationship. Grammar. I can run 1500 meters in 5 minutes. __. __. When I was young, I could run very fast. __. __. __. Form : S + can/ could + bare inf. Usage. Used to express ability in present and in the past. Notes : be able to is used in situations where can

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Unit 9: relationship

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  1. Unit 9: relationship Grammar

  2. I can run 1500 meters in 5 minutes. __ __ When I was young, I could run very fast __ __ __ Form: S + can/ could + bare inf. Usage Used to express ability in present and in the past.

  3. Notes: • be able to is used in situations where can doesn’t have the necessary grammatical form. • Was able to describes the ability to successfully complete an action. Melanie might be able to help us. It’s nice to be able to go to the opera. Mary was able to help us. (She actually helped us) Mary could help us.(but perhaps she didn’t)

  4. I may go to the disco tomorrow. ___ ___ The story could be true, I suppose. ___ ___ Andrew isn’t here. He must be working in a library. ___ ___ We haven’t worked far. You can’t be tired yet. ____ __ Jim can’t have noticed you. _____ ________ Form: Present + future: S + may/might….+ bare inf. Past: S + may/could…+ V3

  5. Usage: Used to make deductions, when we are more or less certain about something. Notes: • Might is less likely than may. • The “have” form doesn’t change.

  6. You must start working harder. ____ ___ I have to be quiet. ______ __ I had to take the children to school. _____ ___ You mustn't drop those glasses. ______ ___ Form: S + must/have to….+ bare inf.

  7. Usage: Have to describes obligations made by someone else; must is used to describe a personal obligation. Mustn’t describes something which is not allowed; don’t have to describes something which is not necessary. Notes: The past form of must is had to.

  8. Ability Modal Verb Certainty Obligation

  9. Modals in Past : Modal + have + past participle

  10. So do I! Neither do I! So: used for a positive statement Neither: used for a negative statement E.g. you are hungry • Soam I(And I’m hungry) you haven’t eaten anything all day • Neither have I(And I haven’t eaten)

  11. Form: Auxiliary verb So/ Neither Subject Be Do/ does/ did Special verbs: can, have… E.g. she is really busy. → Soare we E.g. this phone doesn’t work → Neitherdoes this one E.g. Tom can drive → Socan I Tom hasn’t gone to the march → Neither has Nick

  12. Note: We can use “nor” instead of “neither” E.g. Emma isn’t here tonight → Neither/ Nor is Matthew

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