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Enlightenment in France: Embracing Progress and Tolerance

Explore the Enlightenment era in France with Voltaire, Diderot, Montesquieu, and Rousseau, advocating for progress, Deism, tolerance, and secular values. Discover their works like "Candide" and "The Social Contract," promoting individual freedom, skepticism towards established institutions, and the importance of human rights.

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Enlightenment in France: Embracing Progress and Tolerance

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  1. The Enlightenment & France • Progress • Deism • Tolerance

  2. Voltaire (1694-1778) • A Treatise on Tolerance • Religion cause of most inhumane crimes against humanity • People allowed to practice any religion; no government imposition on state • Secular values take precedence over religious values

  3. Votaire • Candide • Skeptical of humans endlessly improving themselves & their environment • “the best of all possible worlds” • Solution: productive work that benefits those around you

  4. Denis Diderot (1713-1784) • Encyclopedie • Sum total of knowledge and entire spirit of Enlightenment movement • Supremacy of new science • Denounced superstition • Promoted merits of human freedom • Secularize learning

  5. Marquis de Montesquieu (1688-1755) • Spirit of Laws • Critic of monarchy • Recognition of geographical influences on political systems • Advocacy of checks & balances • Best form of government: English constitution

  6. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) • Proponent of romantic rationalism • Distrusted reason and science • Favored human impulse & intuition • Trusted emotions rather than thought • Rebel against all established institutions • The Social Contract

  7. Conclusion

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