Agricultural Engineering Agriscience Applications

1. Agricultural EngineeringAgriscience Applications

2. Careers

3. Careers • Attracts students interested in operation, maintenance, service, and selling of agricultural equipment. • Varied careers in Production support such as Tractor mechanic, farm machinery assembler, Agriculture Safety Engineer.

4. Careers • Careers also in horticulture such as irrigation engineer, Lawn mower mechanic, Agriculture Equipment designer. • Education varies with the type of Agriscience mechanics career chosen and working conditions. • Broad field includes agricultural processing.

5. Careers • Electricians design & wire agricultural equipment structures.

6. Careers • Use of engineering equipment like levels & tripods to survey, layoff, and construct terraces. • Use of earth moving machinery to control erosion.

7. Careers • Diesel mechanics are in demand because….. • Of the large amounts of diesel powered equipment. • Builders of structures & equipment.

8. Safety Awareness • Safety is being prepared since almost 50% of all farm related accidents involve working with machinery & equipment. • Safety is developing an environment free from danger, risk, or injury.

9. Safety Awareness • The #1 key to shop safety is the people who use the shop. • Workers should always…. • Be trained in proper tool operations. • Pass a safety test before using the shop.

10. Principles for Safety • Keep the shop in an orderly manner to prevent tripping and related injuries. • Remove unnecessary hazards such as oily rags. • Minimize danger by making certain all machines have safety shields to place prior to an during operation.

11. Principles for Safety • Wear appropriate protective clothing & devices. • Safety glasses & goggles prevent eye injury from dust and flying objects. • Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection should items be dropped or fall on the feet. • Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing loss when the noise level exceeds 90 dB (decibels).

12. Safety Color Coding • National organizations worked together. • Code was published by the…. • American Society of Agricultural Engineers • Safety Committee of the American Vocational Association • Color coding alerts people to dangers & hazards, provides information to help one react quickly in an emergency.

13. Basic Colors • Red • Identifies areas of danger. • Used on safety switches & fire extinguishers. • Danger

14. Basic Colors • Orange • Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs. • Warning

15. Basic Colors • Yellow • Identifies that wheels, levels, and knobs that adjust or control machines. • Caution

16. Basic Colors • Blue • Used on signs such as “Out of order” to identify broken shop equipment that does not work properly. • Information

17. Basic Colors • Green • Indicates the presence of first aid and safety equipment. • Safety

18. Fire Hazards in the Agricultural Mechanics Shop

19. The Fire Triangle

20. The Fire Triangle • Fuel • Any combustible material that will burn • Examples: • Oily rags • Saw dust • Paper

21. The Fire Triangle • Heat • Most materials will burn if they are made hot enough.

22. The Fire Triangle • Oxygen • Gas in the atmosphere that is not a fuel, but must be present for fuels to burn.

23. Fire Prevention • Take away one of the components of the fuel triangle and fire will not start or will stop if it has started. • Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire prevention technique. • Clean shop facilities also decrease the chance of fire.

24. Fire Extinguishers • Know the kind of fire extinguisher that is used for different kinds of fires prior to the fire. • Class A is used for ordinary combustibles. • Class B is used for flammable liquids. • Class C is used for electrical equipment. • Class D is used for combustible metals. D A B C

25. Fire Extinguishers • Know the placement of fire extinguishers so that time is not taken looking for them if a fire occurs. • Should be hung on walls within easy reach in areas where fires would most likely occur.

26. Using Fire Extinguishers • Know how to use the fire extinguisher. • Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever. • The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward the base of the fire to discharge the extinguisher.

27. Smothering a Fire • Best used on a person whose clothes are on fire. • Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen off to the fire.

28. Planning Agricultural Engineering Projects

29. Instruments for Simple Designs • Sharp Lead Pencil • Needed for the highest quality scale drawing. • Protractor • Used for drawing & measuring angles. • Good Eraser • Helps makes corrections without distorting the image. • 12 inch Ruler • Works for basic drawing. • Compass • Used for drawing circles & arches.

30. Instruments for Detailed Designs • Drawing Board • Used for attaching the drawing paper. • Masking Tape • Used to secure the drawing paper to the drawing board. • T-Square • Helpful for drawing horizontal lines.

31. Instruments for Detailed Designs • Right Triangle • 30o x 60o x 40o • Used to draw vertical lines. • Scale • Instrument with all increments shortened according to proportion. • Two Types • Flat Scale – looks similar to a ruler. • Triangular scales – three sides, but six scales.

32. Basics of Drawing • Sketch • Rough drawing that is not to scale. • Sketches do not have dimensions included. • Pictorial Drawing • Shows all three sides dimensions at once. • All three views (front, side (end), and top are in view.

33. A. Top view B. Side or End view C. Front view A Pictorial Drawing

34. Basics of Drawing • Scale drawing • Represents an object in exact proportion. • Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself. • Examples: ¼” = 1’ • Then ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual object. • 2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object. (2 divided by ¼ = 8) • The scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawn.

35. Determining Materials • Bill of Materials • Complete list and description of all materials needed to construct a project. • Abbreviations are often used. • BF= Board foot • LF= Linear foot

36. Determining Board Feet • Determining board feet for small pieces. BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (inches)144 • Determining board feet for large pieces. BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (feet) 12

37. Determining Board Feet • How many board feet are in a board 4” x 6” x 24”? • BF = 4” x 6” x 24” = 576” = 4 BF 144 144 • How many board feet are in a board 1” x 12” x 8’? • BF = 1” x 12” x 8’ = 96 = 8 BF 12 12

38. Basic Construction Projects Tips

39. Wood Projects • Fastest way to fasten wood is by nailing. • Nail hammer or nail gun are preferred tools for driving nails. • Screws hold better than nails and are driven quickly with power screwdrivers. • Flathead screw is the one most used in woodworking.

40. Wood Projects • Bolts are particularly useful for fastening wood at high stress points. • Gluing is the strongest method of fastening wood. • Often used along with nails, screws, etc. • Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps. • Dowel pins are round wood pins sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.

41. Metal Projects • Steel • Most commonly used metal in agricultural mechanics.

42. Marking Steel • Presents a special problem as pencil marks do not show up well. • Soapstone • Soft, gray rock. • Cut into thin pieces resembling pencils. • Shows up well on most metals.

43. Cutting Metal • Hack Saw • Hand tool most often used for cutting metal. • Especially useful for cutting thin conduit. • Metal Cutting Band Saw & Power Hacksaws • May be used for large projects.

44. Practice Board Foot Problems • 1” x 5” x 4’ • 2” x 10” x 40” • 1.5” x 2.5” x 8’ • 5” x 10” x 100”