Integrating Quotes & Citing Evidence

1. Integrating Quotes &Citing Evidence

2. When using evidence to prove an argument, your writing should include: • your own thoughts about something you have read or an issue you are studying • quotes from your textbook, reading, or assignment • quotes from outside sources

3. A well-integrated quote is a lot like a sandwich: • The top of the sandwich – • sentence that is your own thought and summary, • sets the context for the quote • The middle (meat & cheese) of the sandwich • quote that supports or provides evidence • quote must ALWAYS be introduced – author’s last name & signal / power verb • The bottom of the sandwich is 1-2 sentences of your own that reflect back on the quote • Explanation of what the quote means • What is the author saying? • Why is it important? • Why does it matter? • How does it helps to prove your point

4. Paragraph Structure Formulaic? Yes! But acceptable as a foundation to build your writing skills on. Topic Sentence Concluding Sentence Statement Evidence Explanation SEE Set Statement Evidence Explanation

5. Example: ARGUMENT One of the most promising possible benefits of 3D printing is its ability to create or print human organs. Many people who need organ transplants die before a suitable organ can be obtained. Russon shares that a U.S. company “designs and creates living human tissue…that can grow into human organs.”Technology advancements such as this can only serve to radically increase the critical dearth of transplantable organs. Topic Sentence Statement Evidence Explanation

6. Some examples of signal phrases for author tag / author attribution • Pullen believes that “...” • In Forbes, Dawson asserts that “...” • According to Entrepreneur, “...” (Pullen). • Conversely, Basiliere notes, “The ease of scanning...” (qtd. Russon). • As one critic points out, “When 3-D firearms...” (Marianosqtd. Johnson). • In his chart, Columbus visually demonstrates the “reasons for pursuing 3D printing.”

7. RULES to remember: • Don’t START or END a paragraph with direct quotes • Don’t use quotes in • Introduction • Conclusion • Keep quotes short • Use author tags and signal phrases with ALL quotes

8. Method 1 Power verb/ Signal phrase Author’s last name Parenthetical Citation

9. Method 2 Parenthetical Citation Power verb/ signal phrase Author’s last name QUOTE that

10. Author’s last name Parenthetical Citation? QUOTE Power verb Dawson declares, “There’s no doubt that the entrepreneurs have benefited from 3D printing’s versatility and relatively low price point...” Author’s last name Parenthetical Citation? that Power verb Russon indicates that “criminals will be more easily able to produce counterfeit products that can be sold at a discount…”

11. Parenthetical Citation? that QUOTE Source Power verb In NPR, ATF assistant director Marianos observes that “it [3D printing] could present a problem to public safety” (qtd. Johnson). Parenthetical Citation? Power verb Source Entrepreneur lists items that can be produced: “A ball. A cup. A gear. Even an electric car” (Pullen).

12. Let’s practice • Use your WOD essay • Examine each quote/evidence in your essay • Reformat each quote/evidence to be sure that each has: • author / source tag • power verb / signal phrase • parenthetical citation (if needed)

13. Counterargument SEE Set Paragraph Topic Sentence Statement Evidence Explanation Statement Evidence Explanation Concluding Sentence On the other hand, the use of 3D printing poses some daunting challenges. One such concern is the Illegal production of guns.In NPR, ATF assistant director Marianos observes that “when these 3-D firearms are manufactured, some of the weapons can defeat normal” (qtd. Johnson). 3D printing makes it significantly easier for criminals to obtain weapons that can be used to commit crimes. Another issue that must be considered is the impact on the consumer. Dawson shares his concern that “a wide variation in standards and quality” would occur. This means that 3D printing could result in a decrease in product regulation. There are many valid concerns about the downside of 3D printing.