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The Cell

The Cell. Sixth Grade. Teaching Message 1: All living things are made up of building blocks called cells. All living things are made of building blocks called CELLS. Humans, plants, animals, and bacteria are made up of one or many cells. Where do you think cells are located in our body?

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell Sixth Grade

  2. Teaching Message 1: All living things are made up of building blocks called cells.

  3. All living things are made of building blocks called CELLS. • Humans, plants, animals, and bacteria are made up of one or many cells.

  4. Where do you think cells are located in our body? • EVERYWHERE!!! • Humans are made up of cells that work together and build muscle, bones, skin, and other organs.

  5. Teaching Message 2: Cells are incredibly small – so small that microscopes are needed to magnify them so that we can see them.

  6. How many cells are in the human body? • 10 TRILLION!!! (10,000,000,000,000)

  7. Animation: “How big is a cell?” • http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

  8. Teaching Message 3: Cells divide and make more cells to help us grow and repair in a process called mitosis. • Fertilized egg: the result of the fusion of an egg (from the mother) and a sperm (from the father) • Mitosis: the process through which cells divide • Each cell divides into two identical cells. • Many cells in the human body continuously die (like those in our bones, blood, and skin). Mitosis allows for those cells to be replaced • One exception is nerve cells, or neurons. Most do not divide.

  9. Mitosis, Tumor Cells, and Cancer Cells • Mitosis is strictly regulated. However, sometimes the process is defective and cells divide uncontrollably. These cells become tumor cells which eventually crowd normal cells. If these cells continue to grow and spread, they become cancer cells.

  10. Animation: Mitosis • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GO5YN_t1fqw

  11. Teaching Message 4: All cells have the same basic parts to do specific tasks, including the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

  12. The Animal Cell Endoplasmic Reticulum Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondria

  13. Teaching Message 5: Cells differentiate to become specialized cells to carry out specialized functions to result in many different types of cells such as muscle cells, nerve cells blood cells, and others.

  14. The Nerve Cell

  15. Red Blood Cells

  16. Muscle Cells

  17. Egg and Sperm Cells

  18. Teaching Message 6: Different cell types group together to form organs and organ systems. All systems work together to form a living and functional organism.

  19. Organs: formed from specialized cells • Heart, lungs, brain, stomach, etc.

  20. Organ system: made up of organs that work together to perform a particular task • For example, the digestive system is made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, etc.

  21. Review: Teaching Messages • 1: All living things are made of cells. • 2: Cells are very small. • 3: Cells divide and make more cells to help us grow. • 4: All cells have the same basic parts to do specific tasks. • 5: There are many different types of cells in our body doing many different jobs. • 6: Cells form organs, which form organ systems.

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