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Splash Screen. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1 Early Eastern SLavs SECTION 2 Kievan Rus SECTION 3 The Mongol Conquest SECTION 4 The Rise of Moscow CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT.

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. CHAPTER FOCUS SECTION 1Early Eastern SLavs SECTION 2Kievan Rus SECTION 3The Mongol Conquest SECTION 4The Rise of Moscow CHAPTER SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER ASSESSMENT Click a hyperlink to go to the corresponding section.Press the ESC key at any time to exit the presentation. Contents

  3. Overview • Chapter 23 discusses the Eastern Slav civilization.  • Section 1 describes the influences that transformed the early Slav agricultural settlements into trading centers.  • Section 2 discusses the emergence of a Rus state.  • Section 3 describes the effects of the Mongol invasions on the Rus states.  • Section 4 discusses the reigns of Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Focus 1

  4. Objectives After studying this chapter, you will be able to: • describe what life was like for the earliest Eastern Slavs  • summarize how early Rus states developed around Kiev.  • analyze how Eastern Christianity influenced the Rus.  • explain changes the Mongols brought about in Rus life.  • examine how the czars affected life in Rus states. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Focus 2

  5. Read to Discover • What life was like for the earliest Eastern Slavs  • How early Rus states developed around Kiev  • How Eastern Christianity influenced the people of Rus  • What changes the Mongols brought about in Rus life  • How Moscow became powerful  • How the czars affected life in Muscovy Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Chapter Focus is on page 347 of your textbook. Chapter Focus 2

  6. Terms to Learn People to Know • izbas • Rurik  • boyars  • veche • khan  • kremlin  • czar  • Vladimir I  • Ivan the Great  • Ivan the Terrible  Places to Locate • Volga River  • Kiev  • Dnieper River  • Moscow Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the Speaker On button to listen to the words. Chapter Focus 3

  7. Why It’s Important North of the Byzantine Empire lived a people that historians today call Slavs. All that is known about their origins is that they were Indo-Europeans, like the Aryans who entered the Indus Valley and the Dorians who conquered the Mycenaeans. About 500 B.C., the Slavs began to develop well-organized settlements in eastern Europe in the areas now known as eastern Poland and western Ukraine. Click the Speaker On button to replay audio. Chapter Focus 4

  8. End of Chapter Focus

  9. Early Eastern Slavs • About 500 A.D., a group of Eastern Slavs began to move eastward toward the Volga River.  • By the 600s, the Eastern Slavs controlled all the land as far east as the Volga River.  • The forests provided the East Slavs with all the timber they needed to made musical instruments, logs to make boats, and izbas, one room log cabins with gabled roofs and wooden window frames.  • By the end of the 800s, the East Slavs had built many trading towns along the riverbanks. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1 begins on page 347 of your textbook. Section 1-1

  10. Section Assessment How were early Eastern Slavic villages governed? Early Eastern Slavic villages were governed by the oldest male with the help of a council. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 1

  11. Section Assessment (cont.) Why were rivers important to the Eastern Slavs? Rivers were important because they were used as roads between the Rus villages and for trade. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 2

  12. Section Assessment (cont.) Making InferencesWhy do you think the Eastern Slavs chose the Vikings to protect their trade routes? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 3

  13. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 349 of your textbook, and use it to show details about early Eastern Slavic life. Details about early Eastern Slavic life are they lived in villages made up of about 25 related families; built houses partly underground; land, tools, animals and seed belonged to the village; the oldest male, with help from a council, governed the village; used slash-and-burn farming; skilled at building and making things out of wood; worshiped many gods, nature spirits, and ancestors. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 1-Assessment 4

  14. End of Section 1

  15. Kievan Rus • In 862, a Varangian named Rurik became the prince of Novgorod, a northern town on the East Slav trading route.  • About 20 years later, Rurik’s Varangian friend Oleg established the state of Kievan Rus and set up his capital at Kiev.  • Kiev, standing on a group of hills overlooking the main bend in the Dnieper River, was the southernmost town on the Varangian trading route. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2 begins on page 349 of your textbook. Section 2-1

  16. Kievan Rus (cont.) • The main ruler of Kievan Rus was the Grand Prince of Kiev, and local princes, rich merchants, and boyars, or landowning nobles, helped him.  • A veche, or assembly, handled the daily matters of the towns. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-2

  17. Vladimir I and the Eastern Orthodox Church • One of the most important princes of Kiev was Vladimir I, a good soldier and a strong ruler.  • In 988, Vladimir chose Eastern or Byzantine Christianity as the country’s official religion.  • Eastern Orthodoxy gave the Kievan Rus people a sense of belonging to the civilized world, yet separated them from western Europe as they had developed their own body of learning. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-3

  18. Yaroslav the Wise • Another important ruler of early Rus was Yaroslav, son of Vladimir I, who became the Grand Prince of Kiev in 1019, after a long struggle with his brothers.  • Under Yaroslav’s rule, Kievan Rus enjoyed a golden age of peace and prosperity, growing larger than either Paris or London.  • Yaroslav also organized Kievan Rus laws based on old Slavic customs and Byzantine law. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-4

  19. Decline of Kievan Rus • Kievan Rus began to decline around 1054 when the princes of Kiev began to fight over the throne after Yaroslav’s death.  • In 1169 Kiev was attacked and plundered by Andrei Bogoliubsky who wanted Kiev destroyed.  • Gradually, Kievan Rus changed from a trading land of towns into a farming land of peasants. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-5

  20. Section Assessment Why was Kiev a good location to build a city? Kiev stood on a group of hills overlooking the main bend of the Dnieper River, lay at the southernmost end of the Varangian trading route, controlled trade with Byzantium, lay close to a steppe, and was a good location to protect merchant ships from attack. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 1

  21. Section Assessment (cont.) How did the decline of Kiev affect the area and people? It changed Rus states into a farming land of peasants, and more people fled north. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 2

  22. Section Assessment (cont.) Demonstrating Reasoned Judgment How would you have felt about Yaroslav’s code of laws and his ways to punish criminals? Explain. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 3

  23. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 352 of your textbook, and use it to show the causes and effects of Vladimir I’s acceptance of Eastern Orthodoxy as the official religion of Kievan Rus. Causes–sent people to observe different religions; stunned by the beauty of Hagia SophiaEffects–learned rituals, the art of icon painting, and the Cyrillic alphabet from Byzantine priests; domes appeared on churches; monasteries built; gained a sense of belonging to a broader world Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 2-Assessment 4

  24. End of Section 2

  25. The Mongol Conquest • About 1240, a group of different but united tribes known as Mongols swept out of central Asia and took control of Rus principalities, or states.  • They plundered, killed, and made the Rus people pay tribute to the khan, or Mongol leader. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3 begins on page 353 of your textbook. Section 3-1

  26. The Church • The Eastern Orthodox Church remained strong during the Mongol invasion as priests continued to preach and encouraged the people.  • Monks founded monasteries deep in the northern forests and were followed by Rus farmers searching for new land.  • Since the Mongol conquest somewhat isolated the Rus Church from other Christian churches, the Church developed local rituals and practices to unite the people in pride for their own culture. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-2

  27. Daily Life • Even under Mongol rule, differences between the lives of the rich in Rus and the lives of peasants remained great.  • The peasants enjoyed visiting one another, telling stories of warriors and other heroes that were passed from old to young, becoming part of the Rus heritage. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 3-3

  28. Section Assessment Where did the Mongols come from? The Mongols came from central Asia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 1

  29. Section Assessment (cont.) What did the Mongols do to the Rus people when they invaded Rus lands? They murdered people, destroyed villages, and made Rus people pay tribute and serve in the Mongol armies. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 2

  30. Section Assessment (cont.) Predicting Consequences How might life have been different in the Rus states if the Mongols had not conquered these lands? Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 3

  31. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a diagram like the one on page 354 of your textbook, and use it to compare the lives of the rich and the lives of the peasants in Rus during Mongol rule. Rich–sometimes entertained guests with large feasts of deer and other meat, wore tall fur hats and caftansPoor–rarely ate meat, entertainment consisted of visits to friends and storytelling, wore linen clothes, wrapped rages around their legs for warmth, wore shoes made of woven tree bark Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 3- Assessment 4

  32. End of Section 3

  33. The Rise of Moscow • At the time of the Mongol conquest, Moscow, or Muscovy, founded in 1147, was a small trading post on the road from Kiev. • As more Rus people moved north to escape the Mongols, many artisans settled in or near Moscow's kremlin, or fortress.  • As Moscow grew in size, it became stronger, and the people remained united as thrones passed from father to son.  • In 1380, an army formed by Dmitry, the prince of Moscow, attacked and defeated the Mongols. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4 begins on page 354 of your textbook. Section 4-1

  34. Ivan the Great • In 1462, Ivan III, known as Ivan the Great, became prince of Moscow.  • He ended Mongol control of Muscovy, and expanded its boundaries to the north and west.  • He raised the huge walls that still guard the kremlin and called himself czar, or emperor.  • When Ivan died in 1505, the people were convinced that their ruler should have all power over both Church and state. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-2

  35. Ivan the Terrible • In 1533, Ivan IV, the three-year-old grandson of Ivan III, became czar of Muscovy.  • While he was growing up, a council of boyars governed. To frighten him into obeying them, they mistreated him causing Ivan to hate the boyars.  • When Ivan IV was 16 years old, he began to rule in his own right, ignoring the boyars and turning to merchants and close friends for advice. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-3

  36. Ivan the Terrible (cont.) • In 1552, Ivan led his armies–which used gunpowder–against Mongol territories on the Volga, conquering most of their territories.  • In 1558, Muscovite armies attacked Livonia, a land on the Baltic Sea.  • In 1564, Ivan suddenly left Moscow for a small monastery in the country, announcing later that he was giving up the throne because of the boyars.  • Ivan returned to Moscow, took over boyar lands, and gave it to his supporters. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-4

  37. Ivan the Terrible (cont.) • To the Muscovites, Ivan was a great ruler who protected their country from enemies.  • When Ivan died in 1584, he left no suitable heir.  • The Muscovy was left in confusion and disorder for some 25 years. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 4-5

  38. Section Assessment Why did Moscow become powerful? Moscow became powerful because its princes cooperated with the Mongols who took over territories that were not wealthy, and because the princes passed their thrones from father to son, which eliminated fighting. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 1

  39. Section Assessment (cont.) What happened to Muscovy after Ivan the Terrible’s death? It was in a state of confusion and disorder because he left no suitable heir. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 2

  40. Section Assessment (cont.) Drawing a Conclusion Which name do you think most accurately describes Ivan IV–Ivan the Awesome or Ivan the Terrible? Explain. Answers will vary. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 3

  41. Section Assessment (cont.) Draw a chart like the one on page 358 of your textbook, and compare the accomplishments of Dmitry, Ivan the Great, and Ivan the Terrible. Dmitry–attacked and defeated Mongols; Ivan the Great–ended Mongol control of Muscovy, expanded its boundaries to the north and west, tried to revive glory of Byzantine Empire, built beautiful churches in Moscow, took title of czar; Ivan the Terrible–undermined power of boyars, conquered Mongol territories, encouraged art and learning, established a link between Moscow and England and Holland, increased the czar’s power Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Section 4- Assessment 4

  42. End of Section 4

  43. Chapter Summary & Study Guide • Between 500 and 800 A.D. groups of Eastern Slavs settled in lands west of the Volga River.  • The early Eastern Slavs relied on Viking warriors known as the Varangians to protect a trade route running from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Caspian Sea in the south. • In 882, a Viking warrior named Oleg built the first Kievan Rus state.  • In 988, Eastern Orthodoxy became the official religion of Kievan Rus. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 1

  44. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • The Eastern Orthodox Church brought Byzantine culture, including the Cyrillic alphabet, to Kievan Rus.  • After 1054, Rus trade declined and people shifted to farming. • Around 1240, the Mongols conquered Rus, forcing many Rus people to flee. Many settled near Moscow in the north.  • Moscow gradually became the center of economic and religious life. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 2

  45. Chapter Summary & Study Guide (cont.) • In the late 1400s, Ivan the Great ended Mongol control of Muscovy and took the title of czar.  • Beginning in 1552, Ivan the Terrible conquered most of the Mongol territories, and many Muscovites began moving eastward. • In 1584, Ivan the Terrible died without leaving a capable heir. Muscovy then entered a 25-year period of disorder. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Summary 3

  46. End of Chapter Summary

  47. Understanding the Main Idea How did the houses of the Eastern Slavs provide warmth? To help provide warmth the houses were built partly underground. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 1

  48. Understanding the Main Idea Why did the early Eastern Slavs invite the Vikings into their lands? They invited the Vikings to their land to protect their trade route to Byzantium. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 2

  49. Understanding the Main Idea How was the Rus state established by Oleg organized? It was organized as a group of small territories ruled by the Grand Prince of Kiev. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 3

  50. Understanding the Main Idea Why did Vladimir choose the Eastern Orthodox Church as the official church of the state? He choose the Eastern Orthodox Church because observers had been stunned by the beauty of Eastern Orthodox worship. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Chapter Assessment 4

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