Presentation Transcript

1. Revolutionary Governments

2. English Revolution -Constant war with Spain and France -Charles I – Divine Right ruler -Parliament puts into place the Petition of Right -couldn’t imprison without due cause -couldn’t change taxes without Parliament -no having soldiers in private homes -could not impose martial law during peace time -Charles I ignored petition -set forth the idea that the law outranked the King -He increased taxes – people didn’t like him
3. English Civil War -1642-1649 -Supporters of Charles (Royalists, Cavaliers) vs. Opponents of Charles (Puritans supporters of Parliament) -Oliver Cromwell – Puritan general changed the tide of the war – 1647 – took the King prisoner -Took Charles to trial – found guilty of treason and sentenced to death -1st time a monarch had faced a public execution -Cromwell now holds the power -Makes laws that promoted Puritan morality -Religious tolerance except for Catholics – Jews allowed to return for the first time since 1290
4. Restoration and Revolution -Charles II takes over after Oliver’s death -Restoration – he restored the monarchy -Habeas Corpus – to have the body (1679) -important guarantee of freedom -every prisoner deserves to know what they are charged with -now a monarch could not just throw someone in jail -Glorious Revolution – Charles II died – James II (brother) takes over -William of Orange comes in and overthrew James II -bloodless battle -Shift to constitutional monarchy – limited the rulers power -English Bill of Rights – 1689 -list of the things the ruler couldn’t do
5. Thomas Hobbes -Political philosopher -“Levitation” (1651) -All humans were naturally selfish and wicked -Needed a strong government to control everyone -Social Contract – giving a leader absolute power -Individual liberty given up for groups safety and order
6. John Locke -Philosopher -More positive view of human nature -People learned from experience and improve themselves -Favored the idea of self-government -Belief in these natural rights -life -liberty -property -The purpose of government is to protect those rights -Ideas help lead to American Revolution
7. Colonialism -English Expansion -Jamestown, 1607 -1st English settlement -About 100 people -Named Jamestown to honor their King -During the first few years, 7 out of every 10 people died of hunger, disease or battles with the Native Americans -Farmers discovered tobacco – huge demand in England -Plymouth, 1620 -Pilgrim settlement -2nd English colony -Sought religious freedom -Develop 13 main colonies down the eastern coast of North America
8. American Revolution -1600s-1700s – British colonists had formed a large and thriving settlement on the east coast of North America -Population increase: -1700 – 250,000/ -1770 – 2,150,000 -George III became the king of Great Britain in 1760 -Colonists began to see themselves less as British and more as Virginians or Pennsylvanians -But, they were still subject to British law -Navigation Act (1651) – prevented colonists from selling their valuable products to any country except Britain, also they had to pay higher taxes on French and Dutch imports -French and Indian War (1754) – British Victory but led to growing tensions between Britain and its colonists -Britain expected the colonists to help pay the costs of the war -Stamp Act (1765) – colonists had to pay a tax to put a stamp on important documents -“Taxation without representation” – the colonists had no representation in Parliament -Boston Tea Party – 1773 – protest tax on imported tea – made George III furious
9. War -1st Continental Congress – representatives from every colony except Georgia gathered in Pennsylvania -Protested the treatment of Boston -King George III ignored them so they formed the 2nd Continental Congress to decide their next move -April 19,1775 – British soldiers and American militia-men exchanged gunfire in Lexington, Mass. -2nd Continental Congress decided to raise an army and wantedGeorge Washington to lead it -Turning Point -Saratoga, 1777 -French help the colonies -Yorktown – the last battle of the War -Treaty of Paris 1783
10. US Government -July 1776 – 2nd Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence -written by political leader Thomas Jefferson -based on the ideas of John Locke -Locke had said that people had the right to rebel against an unjust ruler -The document ended by declaring the colonies’ separation from Britain -Articles of Confederation – first government -weak government with few powers -individual states controlled their own affair -Shays Rebellion – led to a change in government -New Constitution – February 1787 -revised Articles of Confederation -Federal system -3 Branches – legislative, executive and judicial -Checks and Balances – each branch checks the other two -Bill of Rights -first 10 amendments