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Uganda: conflicts,history & solution

Uganda: conflicts,history & solution. Sam McNelly, Kristen Schwartz, Amanda Collins, Noah Wagemann & Gina Christo. A brief history of Uganda. British Colonization. Colonized by the British Indirect system of rule Buganda British favoritism Structural violence against remaining groups

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Uganda: conflicts,history & solution

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  1. Uganda: conflicts,history & solution • Sam McNelly, Kristen Schwartz, Amanda Collins, Noah Wagemann & Gina Christo

  2. A brief history of Uganda

  3. British Colonization • Colonized by the British • Indirect system of rule • Buganda • British favoritism • Structural violence against remaining groups • Direct violence used to enforce British policies

  4. End of Colonial Period and Independence • Anti-colonial movement • Buganda “succession” • Drafting of a constitution • National elections • Milton Obote

  5. The first Obote reign • Military revolts • 1966 upheaval • Obote assumes all governmental power • Attack on the Kabaka’s palace • New constitution • Division of the army • End of Obote’s reign

  6. Idi Amin • Background • Massive human rights abuses • Refugee account • Economic measures • Military mindset 

  7. Milton Obote

  8. Milton Obote • Background •    Loss of life •    Acholi/Langi revenge

  9. Brazilio Olara-Okello

  10. Brazilio Olara-Okello • Background • Overthrow of Obote • Countryside Violence

  11. LRA

  12. LRA • Background • Loss of life • Refugee quote 

  13. Images of LRA

  14. Yoweri Museveni • Widespread poverty • Holy Spirit Movement and Lord’s Resistance Army • Peace talks with LRA • 1995 UPDA • 1996 elections

  15. Current State of Peacelessness • 2006

  16. Political Corruption • Elections • Rigged ballots • Small outbursts of violence • Persuaded voters with money • Problems with police force and army • Current situation • Rwandan refugees • Mistreatment of citizens

  17. Political Corruption (Cont.) Political Favoritism • Consolidated power in hand-selected top officials • Removes all dissent Economic corruption IGOs, NGOs, and other countries; To persuade voters and secure political favors Money is unaccounted for

  18. Ethnic tensions in Uganda • Ethnic groups Buganda Violent outbursts/protests Visit to the tomb

  19. Foreign Interactions • Potential problem- oil in the DRC and in Uganda • Ignited a border dispute • Potential to develop into direct violence • Al-Shabab/Somalia • World Cup Bombing • Uganda is supporting Somalian government • LRA • DRC, CAR, and potentially Sudan • Right now they are not present in Uganda • Ugandan army is going into the other countries

  20. Basic Needs • Food • Famine- Northern Regions • Clean air and water • Problems with pollution/sanitation systems • Education • Infrastructure and teachers aren’t available to achieve what is in the constitution • Rehabilitation and reintegration of post rebel forces/children • Mental health resources • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

  21. Problems with Equality LGBT community • Violence within the communities • Legislation making homosexuality a crime; death penalty is off • David Kato Women • Constitutional inequality • Cultural mistreatment

  22. Vision for the Future

  23. State of Self Perpetuated Positive Peace • Rational government • Corruption free governance • Rehabilitated social institutions • Disbanded LRA

  24. Human Rights • Application of equal opportunity • Protection of human life • Freedom practice religion • Freedom From poverty • No malnutrition • Education • Healthcare

  25. Reconciled Groups • Ethnic tension between Uganda and Buganda • LGBT Community • Exploited victims of LRA

  26. Being an Economically DevelopmentState • -Bilateral • - Multilateral • -Economic well-being for all

  27. Strategies and Tools

  28. Strategy to Achieve Vision • Address direct violence first • Goals: • Create sustainable institutions • Create Ugandan civil society • Create human capital

  29. International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) • Simultaneously with International Law/NGOs • Goals: • Eliminate possibility of political upheaval • Intervene on corruption • Stabilize Uganda • How? • Cut off international aid • Example: IMF • Facilitate transition in government reforms • Example: UN Human Rights Council • Cut off international aid • Example: IMF • Facilitate transition in government reforms • Example: UN Human Rights Council

  30. International Law • Simultaneously with IGOs/NGOs • Goal: • Bring justice to gross violations of human rights • How? • International Criminal Courts (ICC) • Prosecute leaders of rebel armies as criminals of international law

  31. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) • Simultaneously with IGOs/International Law • Goals: • Meet the pressing basic human needs • Further stabilize Uganda • How? • Provide resources to those poverty stricken • Not enough money is “trickling” down • Form working relationship with Ugandan gov’t • Never-ending work • Not enough money is “trickling” down • Form working relationship with Ugandan gov’t • Never-ending work

  32. Non-Provocative Defense • Goals: • Shrink role of military in state affairs • Only be able to defend against future aggressors • How? • Offensive military  Defensive military • Why? • LRA is not within Ugandan borders • The state no longer needs a massive army

  33. Economic Development • How? • Humanism perspective • A bottom-up approach • Human centered development • Self-reliance • Goals: • Maximize human capital  Development  Long-term growth • NGOs/Civil Society serve an important role • Focus resources on providing & ensuring basic human needs

  34. Peace Education • Similar mission to Economic Development: • Educate populations to become self-sufficient & entrepreneurial, so growth & development are sustainable • Simultaneously with Human Rights • Goal: • Create awareness of cultural traditions • Who? • Start educating at a micro level • How? • Address hot issues

  35. Human Rights • Simultaneously with Peace Education • “Human rights and peace are inextricably connected.” • Goal? • Ensure both proscriptive & prescriptive rights • Provide the following freedoms: Equality, Education, Cultural Practices, Healthcare, Sustainable Food & Water • How? • Create doctrine that addresses these issues

  36. Reconciliation • Goal: • Rebuild relationships to prevent reoccurrence • Reconcile ethnic groups • Buganda & Uganda • LGBT community • How? • Truth & Reconciliation Commissions • Restorative phase • Remorse expressed & forgiveness granted

  37. Vision Achieved • Economically Developed • Human Rights Addressed • Historically abused groups reconciled

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