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Mini-CEX 迷你臨床演練評量

Mini-CEX 迷你臨床演練評量. 林俞仲醫師. 2010-04-06. Training requests. Form Time Structure Content regularity. Contrell D. et al., Medical Education 36: 1042 – 1049, 2002. 現代醫師應具備的條件. 生物醫學知識 (Biomedical sciences) 行為與社會科學 (Behavioral & social science) 人道主義 (Humanities) 與醫學倫理 (Ethics)

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Mini-CEX 迷你臨床演練評量

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  1. Mini-CEX迷你臨床演練評量 林俞仲醫師 2010-04-06

  2. Training requests • Form • Time • Structure • Content • regularity Contrell D. et al., Medical Education 36: 1042 – 1049, 2002

  3. 現代醫師應具備的條件 • 生物醫學知識 (Biomedical sciences) • 行為與社會科學 (Behavioral & social science) • 人道主義(Humanities)與醫學倫理(Ethics) • 醫療專業風範(Medical professionalism) • 一般的臨床技能(General clinical skills) • 臨床決策能力(Clinical decision making skills) 世界醫學教育聯盟

  4. Professional authenticity Does Shows how Knows how Knows Relationship between Knowledge and Performance Performance Behavior Knowledge Miller GE. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Academic Medicine (Supplement) 1990; 65: S63-S7

  5. 臨床能力:評估 Patient Care Medical Knowledge Practice-Based Learning and Improvement Interpersonal and Communication Skills Professionalism Systems-Based Practice • What You Do • What You Know • How You Get Better • How You Interact with • Others • How You Act • How you Work Within the System

  6. 選擇題 問答題或口試 模型或模擬病人訓練裝置 學習護照或病歷審核 知識 知其所以然 表演 實作 臨床評量

  7. 臨床能力 • 不容易客觀評估 • 從教育訓練角度來看,應該運用客觀、適當評估方法,來了解各類臨床教學計畫成效 • 國內缺乏一個良好的評估指標 • 傳統紙筆測驗是否能測得真正臨床能力? • 學生實際臨床能力表現為何?

  8. 臨床能力為導向的教學Competence-based Learning

  9. Does Show how Knows how Knows 對 學 生 的 評 估 • Student portfolio • Medical record audits • 360º evaluation • Preceptor rating • Mini-CEX, DOPS • OSCE • Case presentation • Oral examination, MCQ • Patient management question • Essay question • Multiple-choice question Miller GE, Acad Med 1990

  10. 評 估 • 透明化對於評估者以及學習者都很重要 • 學習者需要知道會以哪些條件來評估他們的表現 • 評估者需要知道如何使用評估工具以及評斷學習者表現所使用的條件

  11. 沒有任何單一評估工具 可以同時整體評量所有 核心能力

  12. Mini-CEX • 醫療面談技巧Medical Interviewing Skills • 理學檢查Physical Examination Skills • 人道品質專業Humanistic Professionalism • 臨床判斷Clinical Judgment • 諮商衛教Counseling Skills • 組織效能Organization/ Efficiency • 整體臨床能力Overall Clinical Competence

  13. Mini-CEX • ABIM (American Board of Internal Medicine) 發展推薦的評量工具 • 可行性很高, 教師學員皆認同 (Norcini JJ, et al. Ann Med 1995) • 於21所醫院進行前導研究, 頗獲好評 (Norcini JJ, et al. Ann Med 2003) • 信效度優於傳統評量方法 (Duming SJ, et al. Acad Med 2002) • 可適用於醫學生 (Hauer KE. Acad Med 2000 & Kogan JR. Acad Med 2002)

  14. Mini-CEX 的特色 • Direct observational evaluation • Patient care, clinical setting • Immediate feedback learning

  15. 每月一次,每次20分鐘 一位臨床老師 一位學員 一位病患 觀察學員臨床技能 評量紀錄單 時間 Mini CEX執行方式 人員 事情 病房、門診、急診、ICU 地點 物件

  16. 評量表單 : 1 • 直接觀察住院醫師(醫學生)執行重點式的診療工作,可在任何時間及任何地點實施 教師: 主治醫師 研究醫師 總醫師 住院醫師 學員: M5 M6 M7 R1 R2 R3 其他 時間: 年 月 日 上午 下午 晚上 地點: 門診 急診 一般病房 加護病房 病人: 男 女 年齡: 新病人 舊病人 診斷: 病情複雜程度: 低 中 高 診療重點: 病情蒐集 診斷 治療 諮商衛教

  17. 評量表單 : 2 • 臨床教師依七種項目評量學員之稱職能力 1. 醫療面談 2. 身體檢查 3. 人道專業 4. 臨床判斷 5. 諮商衛教 6. 組織效能 7. 整體評量 劣 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9優 未符要求 達到要求 優秀 ( 未觀察)

  18. 1 評 項 目 量 • 醫療面談: 鼓勵病人說病史;有效的利用問題或導引來獲得所需之正確而足夠的訊息;對病人之情緒及肢體語言能適當的回應。 • Medical interviewing skills facilitates patient’s telling of story; effectively use questions/ directions to obtain accurate, adequate information needed; responds appropriately to affect, non-verbal cues

  19. 醫療面談技巧 Medical Interviewing Skill • 稱呼病人 • 自我介紹 • 對病人說明面談之目的 • 表現尊重 • 同理心(感同身受) • 能鼓勵病人說病史 • 適切發問及引導以獲得正確且足夠的訊息 對病人情緒及肢體語言能有適當的回應

  20. Medical Interviewing Skills • Starts with open-ended questions • Progresses with specific questions • Does not ask multiple questions • Does not ask presumptive/leading questions • Does not interrupt patient • Asks for clarification if necessary • Logic sequencing of questions • Segment summary Lane JL & Gottlieb RP. Structured Clinical Observations. Pediatrics 2000

  21. 2 評 項 目 量 • 身體檢查: 依效率及合理之次序,依病情均衡地操作篩選或診斷之步驟;告知檢查事項;適當而審慎地處理病人之不適。 • Physical Examination Skills Follow efficient, logical sequence; balances screening/ diagnostic steps for problem; informs patient; sensitive to patient’s comfort, modesty

  22. Physical Examination Skills • Washes hands • Minimizes discomfort • Preserves modesty • Explains to parent what doing • Explains to child what doing • Sequence matches cooperation level • Build rapport • Correct technique Lane JL & Gottlieb RP. Structured Clinical Observations. Pediatrics 2000

  23. 3 評 項 目 量 • 人道專業: 表現尊重、憐憫、感同身受;建立信賴感;處理病人對舒適、受尊重、守密、渴望訊息的需求。 • Humanistic Qualities/ Professionalism Shows respect, compassion, empathy, establishes trust; attends to patient’s needs of comfort, modesty, confidentiality, information

  24. Humanistic Qualities/Professionalism • My Dr. seems to take a personal interest in me • Even my problem is small, my Dr. is concerned • I have confidence in my Dr.’s decisions • My Dr. respects my beliefs • I would talk to my Dr. if something troubling me • My Dr. takes an interest in my home life • My Dr. is easy to talk to • My Dr. seems to know what I am going through when I tell him/her about a problem Hauck FR, et al. Humanism in Physicians. Family Med 1990

  25. 4 評 項 目 量 • 臨床判斷: 適當的處置診斷步驟;考慮利弊得失。 • Clinical Judgment Selectively orders/ performs appropriate diagnostic studies, consider risks, benefits.

  26. Clinical Judgment • Formulating a D.D. using history and physical examination • Developing a prioritized problem list to select tests • Applying principles of sensitivity, specificity, and pretest predictive value probabilities • Assessing risks, benefits, and costs of treatment options • Involving patient in decision making Goroll AH, et al. Reforming core clerkship. Ann intern Med 2001

  27. 5 評 項 目 量 • 諮商衛教: 解釋檢查或處置的基本理由;獲得病人,同意;有關處置之教育與諮商 • Counseling Skills Explains rationale for test/ treatment, obtains patient’s consent educates/ counsels regarding management

  28. Counseling Skills • The patent’s role in decision making • Alternatives • Pros (benefits) and cons (risks) of the alternatives • Uncertainties associated with the decision • As assessment of the patient’s understanding of the decision • An exploration of the patient’s preferences Braddock CH, et al. Informed decision making. JAMA 1999

  29. 6 評 項 目 量 • 組織效能: 按優先順序處置;及時而適時;歷練而簡潔。 • Organization/ Efficiency Prioritize; is timely; succinct.

  30. Organization/Efficiency • Clinical practice guidelines: systemically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decision about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical condition • The practice guideline is a management plan that enables healthcare providers to make sequential decisions about testing or therapy in a given clinical situation Gerszten PC. Neurosurg Focus. 1988

  31. 7 評 項 目 量 • 整體適任: 判斷、整合、愛心、效率、功能的 整體評量。 • Overall Clinical Competence Demonstrates judgment, synthesis, caring, effectiveness, efficiency.

  32. Overall Clinical Competence • Opening/closing the interview • Introduce self; calls patient by name; shakes hands entering; shakes hands leaving • Relationship skills • Listens carefully (nods, “mm-hm”); Reflects and legitimizes patient’s feelings or concerns; offers partnership, support, or praise • Personal manner • Appearance; good eye contact; appropriate body language, facial expression, and tone of voice; use silence appropriately Lane JL & Gottlieb RP. Structured Clinical Observations. Pediatrics 2000

  33. 評量表單 : 3 • 提供學員教育性回饋 直接觀察時間:20 分鐘,回饋時間:15 分鐘 教師對本次評量滿意程度: 低 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9高 學員對本次評量滿意程度: 低 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9高 教師評語: 多次打斷病患陳述,未解釋檢查之必要性及可能風險。未確定病人了解病情;未告知提名其他治療選擇。 教師簽章: 學員簽章:

  34. 什麼是臨床教學的回饋? • 可矯正學習的錯誤 • 可確認學習符合標準 • 可幫助了解教學的效果 • 花費少許的代價,可使學習大力進步 • 是師生雙向互動的

  35. 好 的 回 饋 • Descriptive rather than evaluative • Specific rather than general • Behavior or action rather than the trait or character • Soon after the encounter • Positive-Negative-Positive sandwich Amin & Eng. Basic in Medical Education. 2003

  36. 執行Mini-CEX 的準備 • 教師要有一致性評分標準 舉辦共識研討會 基本分數 • 教師要有足夠的臨床能力 • 建立自己的範本 不同疾病 不同地點

  37. 醫學生 實習醫學生 住院醫師 研究醫師 新任之主治醫師 資深主治醫師 4 分 5 分 6 分 7 分 8 分 9 分 Mini-CEX:一般評分標準 陳偉德等人,醫學教育10: 232 – 239, 2006

  38. Mini-CEX: 評分結果 To be continued 陳偉德等人,醫學教育10: 232 – 239, 2006

  39. Mini-CEX: 評分結果 陳偉德等人,醫學教育10: 232 – 239, 2006

  40. Mini-CEX 統計時間:97.9~97.10 N=49 • 實施時段: • 上午 29 (59.2%) • 下午 20 (40.8%) • 實施地點: • 門診 3 (6.1%) • 一般病房 46(93.9%) • 病患性別: • 男性 30 (61.2%) • 女性 19 (38.8%) • 病情複雜程度: • 低3 (6.1%) • 中39 (79.6%) • 高7 (14.3%) • 診療重點: • 病情蒐集75.5% • 診斷59.2% • 治療14.3% • 諮詢衛教26.5%

  41. Mini-CEX 統計時間:97.9~97.10 N=49

  42. Mini-CEX 統計時間:97/09-98/01月,N=124人

  43. Mini-CEX

  44. 參考資料 • 台中榮民總醫院吳明儒醫師、陳德源醫師 • 台中澄清醫院許惟邦醫師 • 中國醫藥大學陳偉德醫師 • 高雄長庚紀念醫院李建德 • 凱旋醫院曾憲洋醫師

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