1. LOW-VOLTAGE LIGHTING

2. Lighting VOLT: the force that moves electricity • Like water pressure • 240 volts for heavy equipment

3. Lighting 120 volts for house voltage

4. Lighting 12 volts is low voltage and safe

5. Lighting CURRENT or AMPERAGE: the flow of electricity • Like water flow

6. Lighting Ohms: measure of resistance • Like friction loss in irrigation • Resistance reduces voltage

7. CIRCUIT PANEL • Each circuit 120 Volts • Overload, current exceeds capacity and overheats • Circuit breaker prevents overload

8. CIRCUIT PANEL • Circuit fuse prevents overload

9. LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent • Voltage through coiled filament • Converts to 90% heat and 10% • Filament evaporates tungsten (darkens bulb)

10. LIGHTING BULBS Halogen • Voltage through coiled filament • Halogen gas in the bulb binds the tungsten to prevent darkening

11. LIGHTING BULBS Halogen • <10.5 V does not heat up enough • Color shift

12. LIGHTING BULBS Fluorescent (CFL) • Electricity travels through argon gas • Require ballast to supply start-up current • Contain mercury

13. LIGHTING BULBS Solar Lights • Utilize LED light • Bluish light

14. LIGHTING BULBS LED (Light emitting diode) • No filament • Doesn’t heat up significantly • Efficient • Directional

15. LIGHTING BULBS Incandescent • 1,200 • 60 watts • $325/annually CFL • 8,000 • 12 to 15 watts • $76/annually LED • 50,000 hours • 6 to 8 watts • $32/annually LED Incandescent CFL

16. LIGHT FIXTURE

17. LIGHT FIXTURE

18. LIGHT FIXTURE

19. LIGHT FIXTURE

21. LIGHT FIXTURE

22. LIGHT FIXTURE

23. LIGHT FIXTURE

25. TRANSFORMERS • Converts 120 V to 12 V • 12 V taps (or higher) • Multiple taps

26. TRANSFORMERS

27. TRANSFORMERS

28. TRANSFORMERS • Wattage capacity • 300W, 600W, 900W, or 1200W • Timer and photocell

29. TRANSFORMERS

30. TRANSFORMERS

32. TRANSFORMERS

33. Wattage Requirements • Add the wattage of all fixture connected • Use only 80% of transformerwattage

34. Cable • WIRE SIZE, or AWG (American Wire Gauge) • The lower the number, the thicker the wire

35. Cable Single circuit cable • 12/2

47. CABLE Splicing cable • Quick connection

49. Splicing cable • Wire nuts (DBY)

50. Cable If wire is too small • Higher amps • Increased resistance • Increased heat • Fewer volts will get to lights