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THE CRIMEAN WAR. 1853-1856. Reasons for War. Take land from Ottoman Empire Get Constantinople Current conflict between Catholics and orthodox churches. Turks advantage. Have French as an ally because French has been a long time ally of Turks and enemies of Russia
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THE CRIMEAN WAR 1853-1856
Reasons for War • Take land from Ottoman Empire • Get Constantinople • Current conflict between Catholics and orthodox churches
Turks advantage • Have French as an ally because French has been a long time ally of Turks and enemies of Russia • Have British as an ally because they hate changes in power
The start of conflict • In July 1853, Russia moved forward and occupied the Danubian Principalities • In October the Turks declared war on Russia • In late November, the Russian Black Sea fleet attacked and destroyed a Turkish squadron at Sinope. Britain, anxious to secure a trade with the Turks, took this attack as an insult making a result inevitable
The Battle of Alma • The battle happened on the 20thof September 1854. • This was the first time in which new rifled muskets were used. • The allies advantage, plus better skill, initiative and numbers, enabled the allies to drive the Russians out of a good position north of Sevastopol. • Led to a year long siege of Sevastopol with the Russians reinforced inside (Allies could have avoided this by attacking Russians right after battle but waited over a week giving Russians time to defend themselves.)
Battle of Balaklava • 25th of October 1854 • First attempt to stop siege at Sevastopol • When Charge of Light Brigade happened (charge of light cavalry at Battery of Russians guns in a valley surrounded by even more Russian guns, made Russians never want to fight in the open field again.) • Main result of the battle was to leave Russian army dominating the only proper road between Balaklava and Sevastopol.
The winter • After another attempted of the Russians to end siege, the armies stopped fighting for the winter. • The supply ships sent to the allies sank • Chorea raged through the camp due to lack of supplies • Only 12,000 ally troops were in fighting condition at the end of the winter
The Final Struggle • 8th of September 1855 • The French launched one of the few well planned attacks of the war • Aimed at the Malakoff, one of the two key strongpoint's of the defense. • A heavy bombardment was followed an assault by an entire French corp. • Surprise was achieved by the first use of synchronized watches to time an assault • Malakoff was captured. • That night Prince Gorchakov evacuated the city.
Treaty of Paris • 28th of February to 30th of March 1856 • Ended War • Russian lost dominance in the Balkans • Agreed to respect the integrity of the Ottoman Empire • Austria was probably the biggest loser because they lost Russia as an ally because they didn’t help and no one else was interested in being allied with them.
Technological Advancements • technology allowed news to reach home very quickly, for the first time the condition of the fighting men were known at home • Florence Nightingale's famous nursing innovations improved the military hospitals • Riffled Muskets were used • Allies won not because of better strategy but because of better industrialization
Bibliography • World Civilizations: The Global Experience • http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_crimean.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/crimea_01.shtml