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ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR

ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR. PAUL I (r. 1796-1801) Education & background Educated by COUNT NIKITA PANIN in enlightenment ideals But neglected & outside mother’s inner circle Catherine preferred grandsons ALEXANDER & CONSTANTINE

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ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR

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  1. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR

  2. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • PAUL I (r. 1796-1801) • Education & background • Educated by COUNT NIKITA PANIN in enlightenment ideals • But neglected & outside mother’s inner circle • Catherine preferred grandsons ALEXANDER & CONSTANTINE • Absorbed with military detail

  3. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • PAUL I (r. 1796-1801) • Becomes strict absolutist • Highly suspicions – saw revolution & conspiracy everywhere • Issues succession law excluding women from throne • Tried to reinstate obligatory noble service • Overthrown in palace coup, March 1, 1801

  4. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • ALEXANDER I (r. 1801-1825) • Education & background • Tutor LA HARPE schooled him in Enlightenment thought • Develops sympathy for constitutionalism • But committed to tsarism

  5. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • ALEXANDER I (r. 1801-1825) • Known as “the Blessed” & the “Enigmatic Tsar” • Reign often seen as divided in 2 phases • 1st phase (1801-1812): flirted with liberal reform • 2nd phase (1812-1825): more religious, mystical, conservative

  6. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • ALEXANDER I (r. 1801-1825) • Reforms • Ended some aspects of police state • Set up UNOFFICIAL COMMITTEE to deal with serfdom • Administrative reforms • Expanded education

  7. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • ALEXANDER I (r. 1801-1825) • Napoleonic Wars (1805-1812) • Defeated by French 1807 & forced into alliance by TREATY OF TILSIT • Flagrant transgressions of treaty leads to French invasion, 1812

  8. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • ALEXANDER I (r. 1801-1825) • French Invasion: 1812 • French want big battle • Russians retreat, scorch & burn • BATTLE OF BORODINO, Sept. 1812 • French occupy Moscow, city burns • Napoleon forced to withdraw • By the time army gets out of Russia, only 90,000 troops left

  9. ALEXANDER I: THE ENIGMATIC TSAR • ALEXANDER I (r. 1801-1825) • CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) • Russians get bigger portion of Poland • But must give it constitution • ADAM CZARTORYSKI creates constitution • Now Russians want one too • Alexander maintains autocratic rule • Creates much disappointment

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