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The Struggle for North America: France's Influence and the Clash of Empires (1608-1763)

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Explore the intricate history of New France and its conflicts with England and Spain from 1608 to 1763. Learn about Samuel de Champlain's Quebec settlement, establishing friendly relations with Native Americans, and the fur trade's impact on ecology. Discover the significance of key events like the French and Indian War, Pontiac's Rebellion, and the Treaty of Paris in reshaping North America. Delve into the cultural evolution of colonists, their resistance to British rule, and the quest for identity amid growing tensions and territorial ambitions.

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The Struggle for North America: France's Influence and the Clash of Empires (1608-1763)

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  1. FRANCE IN THE NEW WORLD

  2. NEW FRANCE • 1608-Quebec settlement • Samuel de Champlain-nickname • Friendly relations with Indians • Fur trade • Ecological damage to many areas • Robert La Salle-Mississippi River to Gulf, named land Louisiana • 1718-New Orleans-strategic post, why?

  3. CLASH OF EMPIRES • End of 1600s, struggle for North America between England, France, & Spain • From 1688-1763, 4 wars fought on both continents • 1690-1697 King William’s War • 1702-1714 Queen Anne’s War • 1739-1748 War of Jenkins Ear (King Georges’ War) • 1754-1763-French & Indian War

  4. OHIO VALLEY • English Colonists pushing west for farmland • French wanted link between their Canadian and Mississippi River settlements • French start to build forts • 1754-Gov. of Virginia sends George Washington into Ohio Valley with 150 militiamen • First meeting with French • Build Fort Necessity • Surrender July 4, 1754 • Immediate cause of French and Indian War

  5. ALBANY PLAN1754 • Delegates from 7 colonies meet with League of the Iroquois in Albany, NY • Discuss possible alliance • Iroquois leave • Colonists discuss plan of union • Defense of western lands • Native American problem • Joint taxation • Colonial legislatures don’t accept • British would have vetoed • Franklin Cartoon • 2nd attempt at colonial unity

  6. FRANKLIN CARTOON

  7. FRENCH & INDIAN WAR(Seven Years War) • Early Years-French victories • European fighting v. Guerrilla Warfare • British retreat-Washington • New Prime Minister-William Pitt • More money • Better commanders • Better weapons & ammunition • Deciding Battle • 1760-Battle of Quebec • Gen. Wolfe v. Gen. Montcalm • Surprise attack • 15 min. of fighting • French surrender

  8. TREATY OF PARIS1763 • France lost all territory on North American mainland • England controls all land east of Mississippi River, including Florida • Spain controls all land west of Mississippi River and controls New Orleans-free trade for Americans

  9. RESULTS OF FRENCH & INDIAN WAR • Americans realized they could fight as well as British soldiers • George Washington gained experience as commander • No longer need protection, less dependent on England • 2nd generation-felt more like Americans than Englishmen

  10. PONTIAC’S REBELLION • Settlers begin moving into Ohio Valley • Attacked by Ottawa Alliance-Chief Pontiac • Smallpox blankets • British sends troops • Enacts Proclamation of 1763

  11. PROCLAMATION OF 1763 • Parliament prohibited settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains • Colonist outraged-whole reason for French & Indian War • Ignored proclamation and continued to move west • Small act of rebellion?-Does it give license to break laws?

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