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The Parthenon

The Parthenon . By Priya Swyden. History of the Parthenon. Construction on the Parthenon happened between 447 and 438 B.C, on the highest point on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece.

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The Parthenon

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  1. The Parthenon By Priya Swyden

  2. History of the Parthenon • Construction on the Parthenon happened between 447 and 438 B.C, on the highest point on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. • The Parthenon was dedicated to Athena, the Goddess of Wisdom and War, and the protector of Athens. Each city in Greece had a deity, or a God that protected and watched over their city. It was believed that Athens should be the role model for all other Greeks, and therefore they built this magnificent structure to honor Athena. • The Parthenon was the most important building of the classical Greek age. It is a perfect building, representing a relentless pursuit of the ideal, a quest for perfection, rather than originality. Modern architects have called the Parthenon the “most perfect building ever created.”

  3. Purpose of the Parthenon The Parthenon was created to symbolize the dawn of the Golden Age. It was fashioned by the four greatest creators of the age; the two architects Ictinus and Callicrates, Phidias, the sculptor, and Pericles, the politician. The Parthenon was dedicated to the Goddess Athena, and was used for worshipping her, but some historians have suggested that it might have been used as a treasury as well. This beautiful amazing building inspires awe in anyone who sees it.

  4. The Parthenon has seemingly perfect geometry, it is extremely accurate, and is one of the most amazing buildings ever created. It is a classical style temple. • It was built entirely of Pentelic marble • There are 8 columns on each end, and 17 columns on each side, and 50 columns altogether • An estimated 22,000 tons of marble was used to make it, the roof weighed 3,000 tons itself Architecture • The interior room is divided into two parts It is a Doric order building, meaning that it’s columns stand directly on the temple floor without any decorative base, and the column tops consist of a rounded stone cushion resting under a flat stone slab. • The Parthenon soars 65 feet above the ground Example of a Doric style column

  5. Architecture Cont. The steps leading to the Parthenon are curved to match the curve of the terrain. The platform is 110 ½ feet wide, 237 feet long at the base, and 101 ½ feet wide by 228 feet long on the top step. There are splendid larger than life sculpted figures of people and Gods that fill the open spaces within the pediments all around the Parthenon. A large statue of Athena sculpted by Phidias stood inside of the Parthenon. This honorary statue was made of gold and ivory. Friezes are decorated painted or sculpted bands that run horizontally above the colonnade. These friezes are divided into separate panels called metopes. Friezes record the history, religion, myths, and legends of the Athenian state. The outside friezes on the Parthenon contains carvings of fights between mythical figures, Gods, giants, and the Amazons. Battle scenes run along all four sides of the building. The ingenious interior frieze around the cella shows a procession of Athenian citizens. It is designed to create the impression of the passage of time.

  6. Pediment Friezes Pediment Doric Columns

  7. Interesting Facts • The name of this magnificent structure comes from the word parthenos meaning “virgin”- a reference to Athena • A mortar wasn’t used to build the Parthenon, the blocks were cut by hand with extreme and extraordinary accuracy. • In fifth century A.D the Parthenon was converted into a Byzantine church. In 1458 it became a Turkish mosque. Now it is left alone, and although it is still beautiful, it is suffering from disintegration of the marble due to atmospheric pollution. • The Panathenaic Procession is a procession in August dedicated to Athena that starts and ends at the temple.

  8. Bibliography Nardo, Don- Architecture- New Haven, Connecticut: Thomson Gale, 2008-Print- Darling, Janina- Architecture of Ancient Greece- Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004-Print- "Parthenon." Ancient Greece and Rome: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Carroll Moulton. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1998. 97-99. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 9 Dec. 2011. Picture Website Sources: http://www.nashville.gov/parthenon/ http://maps.google.com/maps/place?rlz=1I7DKUS_en&oe=UTF-8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&q=the+parthenon&fb=1&gl=us&hq=the+parthenon&cid=8139362955125514662&ei=xCnuTrfgAuP20gGrgLXVCQ&sa=X&oi=local_result&ct=photo-link&cd=3&resnum=1&ved=0CAwQnwIoAjAA

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