Polydeoxyribonucleotide injection (1)

1. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Injection Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injections have been shown to reduce inflammation and enhance the healing of chronic lesions. Polydeoxyribonucleotide Injection is a proprietary drug derived from salmon trout sperm DNA. Its molecular weight ranges from 50 to 1500 kDa, and it is free of inactivated proteins. PDRN is extracted at high temperature to ensure purity and recovery of ninety-five percent active substance. There are several cellular processes involved in healthy tissue repair. When these processes fail, wounds develop. In order to prevent scar formation, polydeoxyribonucleotides have been studied for their ability to inhibit inflammatory responses and promote neovascularization. These injections have been tested in various clinical settings including carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral epicondylitis, and hemiplegic shoulder pain. They also have demonstrated potential as adjuvant therapies for a variety of diseases. The PDRN is an agonist to the adenosine A2A receptors. A2A receptors play an important role in controlling the homeostasis of various organ systems. PDRN also has potential as a potent regenerative agent. Its proliferative activity is attributed to its interaction with the purinergic system. PDRN can activate normal cell proliferation, while inhibiting apoptotic cell death. A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of PDRN in the treatment of patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: normal saline, PDRN, and an experimental group which received PDRN and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT). Clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and at one, two, four, and twelve weeks. Symptoms were assessed using the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire. At the end of the study, patients had decreased pain, improved motor power in their upper extremities, and increased functional status. Polydeoxyribonucleotide injections were found to be effective for treating lateral epicondylitis. Compared to the control group, patients treated with PDRN had reduced levels of inflammatory

2. cytokines and decreased expression of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Moreover, the number of CD31-stained capillaries increased. This resulted in neovascularization and increased viable area around the composite graft. PDRN injections were found to be safe and feasible. However, complications were observed at one, two, and four weeks after the initial treatment. In the experimental model of peripheral artery occlusive disease, PDRN stimulated therapeutic angiogenesis. However, it is unknown if the beneficial effects of PDRN are due to its activation of A2A receptors, or to other biological mechanisms. PDRN may also be a pro-drug, meaning it can promote the synthesis of active nucleosides. Moreover, it is believed that the adenosine A2A-PDRN receptor complexes interact with the endoplasmic reticulum to reactivate cells in the salvaging pathway. Combined with hyaluronic acid and an adjuvant therapy, PDRN injection may be used to prevent scar formation. Om-PDRN was injected intraperitoneally at the wound site. This molecule reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, inflammatory cell numbers, and the amount of COL fibers in the wound area. Om-PDRN also inhibited apoptotic cell death and lowered the lung injury score. Finally, the PDRN treatment led to a reduction in the inflammatory proteins, including IL-1b and IL-8.