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Psychology

Psychology. An introduction. People have needs. Physiological – physical needs Ex. Sleep, hunger Cognitive – mental reasons Ex. Intellectual, emotional. psychology. The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. psychology. Looks at everything people: Think Feel Do.

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Psychology

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  1. Psychology An introduction

  2. People have needs • Physiological – physical needs • Ex. Sleep, hunger • Cognitive – mental reasons • Ex. Intellectual, emotional

  3. psychology • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

  4. psychology • Looks at everything people: • Think • Feel • Do

  5. psychology • From the Greek words: • Psych – mind/soul • Logia – study/investigation

  6. Psychology goals • Describe behavior • Explain behavior • Predict behavior • Influence behavior

  7. Goal 1: Describe behavior • Simply state what is seen/what happens • Facts

  8. Goal 2: Explain Behavior • The whybehind the behavior • First Explanations = hypothesis • Hypothesis – educated guess about something, the researcher’s prediction of the results • Complex explanations = theory • Theory – explanation based on the results of many studies

  9. Goal 3: Predict Behavior • To predict what humans will think or feel in various situations • Predictions are made based on past research

  10. Goal 4: Influence Behavior • To influence behavior in helpful ways • Basic science – doing research • Applied science – using research to solve problems

  11. Psychology goals • Describe behavior • Explain behavior • Predict behavior • Influence behavior

  12. Psychology as a Science • Follows a systematic process to analyze situations • Searches for facts

  13. Psychology Uses the Scientific Method Question Hypothesis Experiment Additional hypotheses Reject and revise hypothesis Results/data Conclusions Theory Other psychologists react and test their theories

  14. Data • Gotten from: • Experiments • Surveys • Case studies • Observations

  15. Why the Scientific Method? • Reduces the possibility of errors and bias

  16. Where did the scientific method come from? • Wilhelm Wundt • 1879 • Leipzig, Germany • First psychology laboratory • Claims: psychology has 2 elements (sensations and feelings) • Procedure used: “introspection”

  17. Vocabulary Review • Physiological • Cognitive • Psychology • Hypothesis • Theory • Basic science • Applied science • Scientific method

  18. physiological • Having to do with an organism’s physical processes

  19. cognitive • Having to do with an organism’s thinking and understanding

  20. psychology • The scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

  21. hypothesis • An assumption (guess) about behavior that is tested through scientific research

  22. theory • A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena (occurrences) and offered for scientific study

  23. basic science • The pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake

  24. applied science • Discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish practical goals

  25. scientific method • A general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized

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