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Resistance to Absolutism

Explore the concept of resistance theory throughout history, from Aristotle to John Milton, and examine its relevance during the failures of absolutism in England. Discover key events such as the Gunpowder Plot, the execution of Charles I, and the rise of Oliver Cromwell. Finally, understand the impact of the Glorious Revolution and the institutionalization of constitutional monarchy.

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Resistance to Absolutism

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  1. Resistance to Absolutism

  2. Resistance Theory • Is there room to resist an king given that position by God? • Aristotle (384-322 BCE) • Augustine (354-430 CE) • Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274 CE) • John Milton (1608-1674) • The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649)

  3. John Milton (1649)

  4. The Failure of Absolutism in England

  5. Heir to the Budding Empire Elizabeth I (d. 1603) James I of England (r. 1603-1625)

  6. James I of England (r. 1603-1625) • True Law of Free Monarchies (1579) • Gunpowder Plot • Guy Fawkes (5 November 1605) • Imposed taxes to deal with the debt (that he himself had incurred) but did not call parliament

  7. The Gunpowder Plot

  8. Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) • Married Henrietta Maria, daughter of King Henry IV of France • refused to call Parliament • Engaged in war with Scotland • Over imposition of English Book of Common Prayer • Civil War 1642-1648 • Puritans • Tried for “waging war on parliament” 1649 • Executed for treason January 1649

  9. The Execution of Charles I (1649)

  10. Execution Order of Charles I English Civl War in Song

  11. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658, September) • De facto control of England after Charles death though Parliament continued to meet • Led army to fight in Ireland,which had supported Charles • Becomes Lord Protector • Makes position hereditary

  12. Cromwell’s End after Death…

  13. The Glorious Revolution • James II (1685-1688) • Catholic • Placed Catholics in positions of authority in spite of Test Acts (1673) • Parliament responds • Invitation issued to William and Mary of Orange to “invade” England • James II flees to France • Institution of constitutional monarchy

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