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Design of CAP products and CAP applications (status report)

This status report provides an overview of the design and technical aspects of CAP products and applications used in the Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). It also highlights the benefits of using CAP documents and discusses open issues and best practices in CAP and meteorology.

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Design of CAP products and CAP applications (status report)

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  1. Design of CAP products andCAP applications (status report)

  2. Content Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst • Public warnings • Special warnings • CAP products of DWD Using CAP • by DWD • by DWD customers Design- and technical aspects • Benefits of CAP documents • Profiling • Open issues • Best practices (CAP and meteorology)

  3. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) is a federal authority under the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs, established in response to the Law on the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD Law). • DWD Law calls for "the issuance of official warnings of weather phenomena that could become a danger for public safety and order". • DWD operates a three-tiered warning management system (in time dimension) • it has five risk levels • warning management system is co-ordinated with disaster management of the federal states, which in Germany are responsible for disaster management

  4. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst DWD likewise issues warnings • to safeguard marine shipping and the sea coasts • against extreme heat and UV radiation (Dep. Human Biometeorology) • Aviationwarnings (Dep. AeronauticalMeteorology) DWD publishes a forest fire danger index (Dep. Agrometeorology) Flood forecasting is the responsibility of the federal states where specific flood response centres are operated. Their forecasts rely on the meteorological information and forecasts supplied by DWD.

  5. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst The threelevelsofwarningmanagementsystemare: • Weekly Weather Hazard Forecast: following 2 to 7 days probabilityofoccurenceofsevereweatherbased on numericalmodels • SevereWeather Watch: 48 - 6 h hazardousweatherphenomenaisverylikely; offeredforregions • Warning: ~ 12 - 0 h for different weatherphenomena issued no more than 12 hours before the arrival of the warning event

  6. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Geographical structures • rural districts (in vertical: 200m steps), ca. 400 districts • great lakes (i.e. lake Bodensee) • some parts of rural districts (i.e. seasides, mountain areas)

  7. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Providing channels for warnings: • dissemination via Internet fax-on-demand services text messages e-mail in specific cases, also by telephone ftp server (for download by customers) • general public is informed over the Internet (http://www.dwd.de) • closed online user groups (i.e. FeWIS for fire brigades; SWIS for winter maintenance service) • voluntary support of radio and television companies (There is no obligation on radio stations to disseminate the DWD's warnings on television and radio because there are no legal regulations applicable to this area.)

  8. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Closed online user groups SWIS (Road Weather Information System) • provides support for winter maintenance service management • delivers all warning information in special form for users • provides information about road conditions, forecasts of road conditions

  9. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Closed online user groups FeWIS (Weather Information System for Fire Brigades) • targeted at the needs of professional fire services • delivers a warning overview, a warning situation report, severe weather watches and district-related warnings • provides many other types of information (weather radar, satellite loops, supplementary information about temperatures, precipitation, wind peaks, frost penetration depths, snow depths, forecast texts)

  10. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst New service: optimized visualisation of warning situation for mobile phones (left) for websites of users (right)

  11. Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Warning criteria • same criteria for whole Germany • defined in collaboration with national authorities for disaster management, based on evaluation of climate data • different warning levels

  12. CAP products of DWD Public warning products as CAP XML documents (format UTF-8, CAP version 1.2) Typical textbased warnings (format (ia5, txt)) are transformed into CAP version 1.2 Up to 35.000 different products (depending on warning situation) Warning status of Germany as one CAP document AND Warning status of Germany as one Zip-Container of different CAP documents published every 5 minutes Including geographic details of warning areas (e.g. polygons) an alternative product (including only geo-references) is scheduled CAP aviation products Windsharing warning as CAP document

  13. Using CAP – by DWD (CAP warnings in GeoMapViewer) Contextmenu Visualization of CAP – File in GeoMapViewer

  14. Using CAP – by DWD (GeoWebservice: dwd_alert)

  15. Using CAP – by DWD customers (teletext) Blue, yellow, ochre, red and violet points are controlled by CAP

  16. Design and technical aspects • Benefits of CAP documents • Validation and Profiling • Open issues • Best practices

  17. Benefits of CAP documents • CAP – a powerful format of alerts and warnings: • Clear strukture • Good relation between structure and content • Well-established international standard Useful format not only of alerts and warnings

  18. Validation and profiling • Validation against xml schema (e.g. OASIS (CAP-v1.2.xsd)) • Basic validation (independent of alerting scope) • Weakly restrictions for the content of most of xml tags • Semanic checks are impossible (unable to check relations between content of different xml tags). • Profiling against own xml schema (https://werdis.dwd.de/conf/CAP-DWD-Profil-v1.8.xsd, documentation: https://werdis.dwd.de/infos/legend_warnings_CAP.pdf ) • Based on official xml schema (OASIS, CAP-v1.2.xsd) • Stronger restrictions for the content of relevant xml tags (e.g. basic type „string“ <-> enumeration of strings) • Semanic checks are impossible (unable to check relations between content of different xml tags). • Profiling against a combination of official xml schema AND own „schematron roles“ • „two step“-validation (1. step: validation against OASIS, CAP-v1.2.xsd, 2. step: check against own schematron roles) • Semanic checks are possible. • Schematron – ISO standard since 2006

  19. Open issues (Relation CAP / ISO 19xxx: Measure) • CAP: units unsolved • ISO19xxx:range of values(from .. to ..) andthresholds (>.. or <..)unsolved

  20. Open issues (Proposals) • Workaround (DWD / MeteoAlarm) • Proposal:optional attribute compliant to current CAP-schema

  21. Open issues (CAP: geographic Objects) • CAP:Information about an area: • Useful area defination But: • Bounding box(unsupported) • Altitude and ceiling only in feed (not compliant to German /European law)

  22. Open issues (ISO19XXX: geographic Objects)

  23. Open issues (Proposals) • Workaround (DWD /MeteoAlarm): • Conversion into feed • Proposal:optional attribute compliant to current CAP-schema With optional attribute  e.g. meter Without optional attribute  feet

  24. Design and technical aspects (best practices) • Best practices should be useful • Recommendations for identifiers • Recommendations for meteorological measurements • Recommendations for profiling / validation

  25. Contacts Petra Fechner Department WV 11 (Basic Forecasts) Siegfried Fechner Department TI 15 (Systems and Operations ) Frankfurter Strasse 135 D-63067 Offenbach Email: Petra.Fechner@dwd.de Fone.: +49 (69) 8062-2253 Fax: +49 (69) 8062-2259 Email: Siegfried.Fechner@dwd.de Fone.: +49 (69) 8062-2865 Fax: +49 (69) 8062-3566

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