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Exploring Ecology: From Organisms to Ecosystems

Discover the levels of ecology from organismal behavior to ecosystem dynamics. Learn about populations, communities, climates, and abiotic components such as water, sunlight, and wind. Explore adaptations in plants and energy flow in different biomes. Delve into biogeochemical cycles and their significance in the environment.

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Exploring Ecology: From Organisms to Ecosystems

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  1. Ecosystems and Climate Research in Ecology

  2. Levels of Ecology • ORGANISMAL ECOLOGY • behavior • physiology • morphology • etc.

  3. Levels of Ecology • POPULATION ECOLOGY • dynamics • genetics • microevolution • etc.

  4. Levels of Ecology • COMMUNITY ECOLOGY • structure • coevolution • interactions • Etc.

  5. Levels of Ecology • ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY • nutrient cycling • energy flow • Etc.

  6. Levels of Ecology • LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY • Interactions among ecosystems • Interaction of organisms with their temporal and spatial environment

  7. Levels of Ecology • GLOBAL ECOLOGY • Regional changes as they affect the entire biosphere

  8. Abiotic Components • WATER

  9. Abiotic Components • WATER • Helps create soil via erosion • Provides habitat for aquatic organisms • Animals and plants must evolve ways to maintain water balance in fresh and salt water • All life is water-based.

  10. Abiotic Components • SUNLIGHT • Intensity • Daily duration • Angle of incidence • Spectral distribution • …all affect plants and animals living in an ecosystem.

  11. Abiotic Components • WIND

  12. Abiotic Components • ROCKS AND SOIL

  13. Abiotic Components • ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE

  14. Climate: It starts with the sun • Tropics • – equator to 23.5o (N, S) • Subtropics • – 23.5o – 30o (N, S) • Temperate • – 30o – 60o (N, S) • Polar • – 60o – the poles (N, S)

  15. Climate: Seasons

  16. Climate: Air Movement

  17. Climate: Global Air

  18. Plants Evolve Adaptations • XEROPHYTE – adapted to a very dry habitat

  19. Plants Evolve to Fit • MESOPHYTE – adapted to a moderate habitat

  20. Plants Evolve to Fit • HYDROPHYTE – adapted to a very wet habitat

  21. Biomes http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/world_biomes.htm

  22. Energy Flows • As plants photosynthesize, they create matter. • This is called primary productivity. • GROSS primary productivity (GPP) is the total amount of energy captured by plants. • NET primary productivity (NPP) is what’s left over after the plant has spent energy for work. • NPP = GPP – Respiration (NPP is like “profit”)

  23. Biogeochemical Cycles

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