Agenda

2. Agenda MULTIFAMILY AND HOTEL VENTILATION STRATEGIES Centralized Continuous Demand controlled Makeup Air Balanced Systems Compartmentalized Continuous Demand controlled Makeup Air Balanced Systems

3. Energy Saving Solutions Precisely Regulate Exhaust and Supply Ventilation Decrease the load on heating and cooling systems Improve Indoor Air Quality Improve comfort with automatically balanced systems Occupancy Based Zoned Ventilation Exhaust and Supply Demand Controlled – External Input, or Timer/Switch, or Occupancy Sensor, or Humidity, or CO2 Sensor Energy Recovery Systems From 50 to over 10,000 CFM ALLof the major technologies Custom solutions Our proven approach to saving energy/money is to effectivelyRegulate, Zone, and Recover ventilation system airflow. Multifamily and Hotel Ventilation Strategies

4. Centralized Continuous Rooftop Central Fans • Stack Effect Needs to be Addressed in Tall Buildings • Reduced Airflow/Energy Savings Opportunity in Retrofit Buildings • Make-up Air Can be Central or Local • Recover “Paid For Energy”

5. Centralized Continuous Automatic Balancing • Corrects Issue Caused By: • Wind • Duct Length • Leakage • Loading • Design Flaws • Occupants

6. Keeps System Balanced and Regulated At All Times Enables Focused Exhaust Boost During Occupancy Allows For Smaller HRV Units/Fans Replaces Spot Bathroom Fans Quiet, Powerful, and Silent Only One Exhaust Penetration Centralized Demand Controlled Zone Register Terminals 0-30 CFM 30-400 CFM ZRT - Pressure Independent VAV “Exhaust & Supply”

7. Centralized Demand Controlled

8. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Makeup Air Solutions • Ventilation Systems provide two functions… • Remove unwanted pollutants • Bring in “outside air” • Assumes outside air is less polluted than indoor air. • “Distribute” air to people

9. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Makeup Air Solutions • Makeup air systems are designed to replace the “amount” air extracted from the building with “fresh” air directly from outdoors. • NYC Code 2008: IMC 2003—larger of 0.35 ACH or 15 CFM per person, occupancy = # BR +1. • ASHRAE 62 Table 6-1 specifies the outdoor air rate per person. People: 5 cfm/p, plus Area rate = 0.06 cfm/sq.ft. Occupancy = no. bedrooms +1

10. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions • 80% - 90% of Apt. “envelope” adjacent to other units • “Good” air tightness level  ~ 30 in2 of leakage area in a small apartment – how much to the outside and how much to other units? (not an exhaust restriction!). ~ 7 in2 around AC sleeve • Balanced exhaust helps, but doesn’t solve problem • Higher Leakage between units than from outdoors • Requires continuous exhaust—not intermittent

11. With leakage areas ~30 sq. in. for demising walls and floors, and leakage or intentional inlet areas to exterior approx 5 sq.in. each—intermittently operating exhaust draws more air from neighbors than from outdoors. Unless leakage areas can be reduced to levels approx same as outdoor leakage areas, continuous exhaust is required to reduce the airflows between living units. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Continuous vs. Intermittent Ventilation with inter-apartment leakage

12. Energy Efficient Construction requires engineered makeup air solutions for central exhaust ventilation systems. Several methods are allowable. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Ventilating High-Rise Residential BuildingsMakeup Air Solutions

13. Makeup Air for exhaust ventilation systems traditionally supply common corridors. Corridor fire barrier construction may now make this difficult. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Makeup Air Solutions

14. Central Makeup Air Unit… Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Ventilating High-Rise Residential BuildingsMakeup Air Solutions

15. Central Energy Recovery Unit Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Ventilating High-Rise Residential BuildingsMakeup Air Solutions

16. If forced air heating is available, the FCU or AHU can provide outside makeup air through a fresh air intake into the return duct. Compartmentalized Makeup Air Makeup Air Solutions

17. Central makeup air ducted to each apartment is becoming more popular. Use dynamic flow controls to ensure proper balance here as well. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Makeup Air Solutions

18. Makeup Air through Fan Assisted Blending Ventilators Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

19. What is a “Trickle Vent” (Airlet)? An engineered opening in the building envelope from outside to living spaces. Provide a means for directing the fresh air pathway into living spaces when continuous exhaust fans are used. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Makeup Air Solutions –Air Inlets - AirletTM

20. Why do you need Airlets? Air quality in non-exhausted rooms depends on ventilation air distribution. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Occupation de nuit Small leakage Large leakage

21. Provides “controlled” leakage Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Occupation de nuit

22. Why do you need Airlets? ASHRAE 62 states, “Air from one residential dwelling shall not be recirculated or transferred to any other space outside of that dwelling.” Difficult to prevent, but easy to minimize. Note: the exhaust rate determines the ventilation rate, the inlet provides a dedicated means of fresh air distribution—but Airlet airflow is determined by resulting pressure differential and Airlet’s net free area. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

23. Why do you need Airlets? Help minimize “cross-contamination” from inter-zonal leakage Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Occupation de nuit Small leakage NEIGHBOR’S APARTMENT

24. Where should they be applied? Continuous exhaust ventilation systems Radiant baseboard or floor heated spaces Energy efficient “weatherized” buildings General rule – Buildings 12 stories or less (unless great care in compartmentalization has taken place). Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

25. Where should they NOT be applied? Forced-air heating (unless supply and return airflows are well balanced) Buildings over 12 stories with significant vertical leakage between floors (not compartmentalized) Outside air is considered unhealthy Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

26. How do they work? In the presence of negative pressure, fresh air is directed into into living spaces at the most beneficial location (at/above windows & near ceiling). Draft prevention Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

27. How do they work? Cold air pattern: Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Air pattern: OA -4 Deg F.-- IA, 66 Deg.F.

28. What is the difference between an Airlet and a leak? Better at low pressure and high pressure… Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

29. At low pressure… Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Airflow CFM

30. At HIGH pressure… Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Airflow CFM Wind Speed MPH

31. Window Air Inlets Architecturally pleasing. Participation with the glazing contractors typically required. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Air Inlets

32. Window Air Inlets - Available in many configurations depending on window type, and sound criteria. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

33. Self Balancing, Humidity, and Manual Control available in through-window models. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

34. How do they install? Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Carrier Bar

35. Through the wall type Flexible installation Round or rectangular Filtration generally included Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

36. Self regulating. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

37. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

38. Manual regulation Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

39. Temperature regulating Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

40. Humidity regulating—used in demand controlled ventilation Centralized Makeup Air Solutions Humidity Regulating Air Inlets

41. Installation in window framing, above windows, in shade pockets, or acoustic ducts. Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

42. How much do they cost? ~ $30-$100 per Centralized Makeup Air Solutions

43. Centralized Balanced Systems HRV’s and ERV’s The Nano From 50 CFM to 10,000+ CFM

44. Centralized Balanced Systems HRV or ERV? HRV – Transfers sensible heat energy from warm air to cold air. Not recommended for warm humid climates. ERV – Transfers heat sensible energy from warm air to cold air, and it transfers latent (moisture) energy from moist air to dry air. Not recommended for extreme cold climates. • Right Product • Right Application • Right Climate • “One Size does not fit all”

45. Centralized Balanced Systems Why are multiple technologies necessary? • Paper ERV Core • Latent and sensible energy recovery • Shown after 50 freeze thaw cycles • Can not get wet • Airflows cross contaminate, especially polar compounds that attach to water. • Polymer Membrane ERV Core • Water washable • Zero cross contamination • High latent and sensible energy recovery • Robust membrane • Microban anti-mold/fungus coating

46. Centralized Balanced Systems Why are multiple technologies necessary? • Metal HRV Core • Rugged heavy duty construction • Easy to maintain and clean, hose it down • Zero cross contamination • Only transfers heat “sensible” energy • Enthalpy Desiccant Wheel • High latent and sensible energy recovery • Higher cost and maintenance • Higher cross contamination rate

47. Centralized Balanced Systems Energy Recovery Technology Comparisons

48. HRV—sensible only heat recovery, dwellings without much need of Air conditioning, or climate zones with moderate summers and low humidity. Require condensate drains. 60-80%+ Savings winter. ERV—total energy(enthalpy) exchange—warm humid summers. 50-80%+ Savings year round. Both—Housing design for installation in ambient conditions. Protection against condensation within cabinet. Centralized Balanced Systems Heat/Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems

49. Main ducts in hallways to HRV/ERV (1 or more floors per HRV/ERV. CARs to balance airflows Centralized Balanced Systems Floor by Floor Blue—Supply Red--Exhaust HRV/ERV

50. Compartmentalized Continuous + Balanced Energy Recovery Unit Ceiling mounted in a closet or utility room (less than 9” high) provides both exhaust (bathrooms/kitchen) and supply ventilation. Spot Fan + Airlet Continuous duty spot fan for bath/kitchen exhaust with makeup air into living areas via airlets.