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Distribution of MDCs and LDCs

Distribution of MDCs and LDCs. http://www.durham.anglican.org/userfiles/image/Durham%20Website/Mission%20and%20Ministry/Mission/8271%20steam%20and%20sand.jpg. Regions of Development. Nine major regions North America, Europe (MDCs)

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Distribution of MDCs and LDCs

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  1. Distribution of MDCs and LDCs http://www.durham.anglican.org/userfiles/image/Durham%20Website/Mission%20and%20Ministry/Mission/8271%20steam%20and%20sand.jpg

  2. Regions of Development • Nine major regions • North America, Europe (MDCs) • Latin America, East Asia, S.W. Asia/North Africa, S.E. Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa (LDCs) • Three ‘significant areas’ • Japan, Oceania, Russia http://www.usp.org/sites/default/files/images/aroundTheWorld/RegionalActivities/regional_activities_map_en.jpg

  3. More Developed Regions • Nearly all developed regions are found north of 30 degrees N. latitude (north-south split) • MDCs in the north have relatively high HDIs • Southern countries have lower HDIs http://school.edturtle.co.uk/images/north-south_800.jpg South Africa is #123 in HDI (0.619)…why is it considered an MDC on this map?

  4. More Developed cont’d • North America (HDI 0.95) • U.S. – 13th in HDI worldwide • High in GDP Per Capita and literacy rate • Lower in education and life expectancy • High school dropouts • Inadequate health-care coverage http://communitylink.com/us/nc/raleigh/profile/media/images/education.jpg

  5. More Developed cont’d • Europe (HDI 0.93) • European Union makes Europe the world’s richest market • 15 of the 19 highest HDIs are in Europe, but southern/eastern countries lag behind • Highly dependent on international trade • Struggling recently with recession and financial instability http://www.anunews.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/aa-European-debt-crisis-dominoes-falling-good-one.jpg

  6. More Developed cont’d • Russia (HDI 0.73) • Transitioned to a market economy after Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 • Painful struggle with high unemployment and corruption (HDI was above 0.9 in 1980s) • Slow rebound tied to oil production http://www.etftrends.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/russia_01.jpg

  7. More Developed cont’d • Japan (HDI 0.96) • Different culture than other MDCs • Low ratio of population to resources • Strength: rigorous education system, skilled labor force • Specialty: electronics, cars • Oceania (HDI 0.90) • Australia and New Zealand (other islands lag behind) • Key exports: iron ore, lead, nickel, titanium http://www.asianresearch.org/news_images/2003-10-9-japan_students.jpg

  8. Less Developed Regions • Latin America (HDI 0.82) • Highest HDI of LDC regions • Development levels vary sharply • Coastal areas have high GDP per capita • Development lags in the interior areas • Economy is closely linked to the U.S. (especially Mexico) http://media.cnbc.com/i/CNBC/Sections/News_And_Analysis/_Blogs/Consumer_Nation/_Slideshows/HottestRetailMarkets_2011/CNBC_attractive_countries_retail_2011_peru.jpg

  9. Less Developed cont’d • East Asia (HDI 0.77) • Main player: China (2nd largest economy) • World’s largest manufacturer (tied closely to Wal-Mart) • Problems: • Low wages • Weak management • Primitive banking system • High levels of pollution http://www.giftsanddec.com/photo/383/383839-Wal_Mart_China.jpg

  10. Less Developed cont’d • S.W. Asia/N. Africa • Key: Oil reserves • Huge gap between oil producing and non-producing countries • Impact of Islamic faith: • Daily prayers disrupt business activities • Women excluded from jobs and public places • Result: development is lower than it could be http://www.makkahmasjid.co.uk/coppermine/albums/Makkah_Masjid_Album1/P1010011.jpg

  11. Less Developed cont’d • Southeast Asia (HDI 0.73) • Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines • Climate is hotand rainy (difficult for farming) • 1930s-1980s: nearly continuous warfare • Key exports: palm oil, rubber, tin, rice, textiles http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/Global/usa/planet3/photos-forests/palm-fruit.jpg

  12. Less Developed cont’d • Central Asia (HDI 0.75) • Many former republics of the Soviet Union • Iran and Kazakhstan are fairly well-developed (reason: oil production) • Iran has used wealth to promote revolution, drive out western influences • Afghanistan: HDI unknown (war and instability) http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02100/iran-oil_2100448b.jpg

  13. Less Developed cont’d • South Asia (HDI 0.61) • India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka • 2nd highest population, 2nd lowest GDP per capita • Big beneficiary of the Green Revolution • India now has 4th largest economy • Leading exporter of rice, wheat, services (telemarketing) http://images.teamsugar.com/files/upl1/19/193328/40_2008/Indian-Call-Centers.jpg

  14. Less Developed cont’d • Sub-Saharan Africa (HDI 0.51) • High levels of poverty, poor health, low education levels, war, instability • Landlocked states are most vulnerable • #1 problem – entire region has dry or tropical climates • Cannot support large concentrations of people • Africa – world’s highest natural increase rate http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/travel/gallery/2007/aug/21/africa/BN17748_4a-1122.jpg

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