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Theoretical Foundations

Theoretical Foundations. Biological Theory. Genetic- About half of intelligence is attributed to genes 73% of obesity Anatomical-structure of the brain less gray matter in frontal lobe with ADHD and conduct disorder Functional-activity in the brain

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Theoretical Foundations

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  1. Theoretical Foundations

  2. Biological Theory • Genetic- • About half of intelligence is attributed to genes • 73% of obesity • Anatomical-structure of the brain • less gray matter in frontal lobe with ADHD and conduct disorder • Functional-activity in the brain • Lower than normal physiological arousal in highly aggressive people • Neurochemical-processing of neurotransmitters • Serotonin is related to both aggression and depression. • Dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin are involved in adhd

  3. Cognitive theory-Piaget Cognition- “the process of organizing and making meaning of experience” (N & N) • Schemas represent our ideas of things, concepts, etc. • Disequilibrium leads to adaptation to new information to achieve equilibrium. • Assimilation and accommodation • Series of stages, which dictate how we process new information • Sensorimotor-birth to 18 months • Preoperational-18 months to 5 or 6 • Concrete operational-5 or 6 to 11 or 12 • Formal operational-11 or 12 through adulthood

  4. Cognitive theory-Vygotsky • Interaction within a cultural context is key to development. • Intermental to intramental-means our engagement with the external world leads to understanding within oneself. • Zone of proximal development-the gap between where you are and where you can go with external guidance.

  5. Learning theories • Classical conditioning • UCS: being yelled at….UCR: anxiety • CS: contact with yeller CR: anxiety • Operant conditioning • Reinforcement and punishment • Contingency management • Social learning • Learning through observation of others • Identification with the other • Consequences of other’s behavior

  6. Cognitive-behavioral theory • Looks at the relationship between thoughts, feelings and behaviors-see fig. 4.3. • Encodings-schemas we have about self, situation, others • Expectancies-expectations and beliefs • Affects-emotions, physiological responses • Goals and values-how important is “it” to us • Cognitive competencies-skills, knowledge, abilities • Self-regulatory plans-how do we go about reaching our goals

  7. Cultural Theory • Culture is defined as “the learned systems of meanings and patterns of behavior that are shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to another.” • Transmission occurs via a variety of learning processes. • Continuity and discontinuity • Individualism vs. collectivism

  8. Systems theory • All systems seek to maintain a state of equilibrium. • The various systems of a person’s life interact with the individual and with each other.

  9. Whale Rider • Each group will be assigned a specific theory. • As you watch the video clips, look for examples of concepts from the theory. • Re-group and discuss examples to clarify the meaning of the concepts. • Report back to class.

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