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CS444/544

II. CS444/544. Operating Systems II. Yeongjin Jang 04/02/19. Ring 3. Course Description. • Goal: Learn how modern operating systems work. • Lecture & Lab • Learn high-level fundamental concepts of OS in the lecture • Practice engineering details with Labs

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CS444/544

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  1. II CS444/544 Operating Systems II Yeongjin Jang 04/02/19

  2. Ring 3 Course Description • Goal: Learn how modern operating systems work • Lecture & Lab • Learn high-level fundamental concepts of OS in the lecture • Practice engineering details with Labs • You will build your operating system (JOS) • Lab sessions: TAs will help you OS Kernel (Ring 0) • Topics • Virtual memory, Segmentation, Paging • Process, Isolation, Kernel, User • Interrupt, Exceptions, Synchronization, Concurrency • Filesystem • etc. Image from: https://www3.nd.edu/~pbui/teaching/cse.30341.fa17/

  3. Course Objective • Understand how modern computer systems work • Be able to answer the following questions: • What happens when we turn on the computer? How does it boot? • How an OS runs an application? • How an OS runs application that requires memory more than its physical memory? • How multiple applications can run on the system? • How an OS enforces privilege separation? • How an OS protects itself from malicious software? • How multiple programs synchronize? How can we implement a lock? • How an OS stores a file? • How my keyclicks shown on the screen?

  4. Logistics • Website: https://os.unexploitable.systems • Instructor: Dr. Yeongjin Jang (yeongjin.jang@oregonstate.edu) • TAs: • Ping-Jui Liao • Hadi Rahal-Arabi • Kimia Tajik • Zixuan Feng • Gitlab: https://gitlab.unexploitable.systems • Piazza: https://piazza.com/class/jtumxajv58g7mv • Discord: https://discord.gg/yHn52Np • Assignment server: flip

  5. Course Structure • 10 weeks schedule • Virtualization (Week 1-4) • Concurrency (Week 5-8) • Persistence (Week 9-10) • Textbook • http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/ • ~60 min lecture, ~10 min Q&A • 30~45 min tutorial in lab sessions • 35~50 min exercise in lab sessions

  6. Meeting Time (with me) • Lecture • Tu/Th 8:30am – 9:50am • Withycombe 109 • Office hour • Wed 5:00pm – 6:30pm (walk-in) • yeongjin.jang@oregonstate.edu • KEC 3079 • No class on 5/21 and 5/23, no office hour on 5/22 • Travel to a conference (IEEE S&P)… • Please work on labs assignments

  7. Lab Sessions (TAs) • Four sessions • Lab 1: TUE 10:00 – 11:20 (Handled by me) • Lab 2: TUE 12:00 – 13:20 (TAs: TBD) • Lab 3: WED 15:00 – 16:20 (TAs: TBD) • Lab 4: FRI 14:00 – 15:50 (TAs: TBD) • Will teach technical details of OS via labs • Tutorials • Q&A for lab exercises • TA Office Hours will be announced later.. • No lab sessions in the week of 5/20 • Majority of TAs also travels to the conference.. • Please work on lab assignments • We will be online

  8. Grading • 50% lab assignment • JOS Lab 1,2,3 and Concurrency Lab 1,2 • 20% Quizzes (mini exam during lab sessions) • Quiz dates will be announced at least a week before.. • 30% Final Exam • Exam date not determined yet, but will be in the final week. • Example grading scheme (we will have + / -) • A: 85% <= Score <= 100% • B: 70% <= Score < 85% • C: 60% <= Score < 70% • D: 50% <= Score < 60% • F: Score < 50%...

  9. The Lab (50%) • Five labs • JOS Lab 1: Booting a PC (2 weeks) • Bootloader, protected mode, etc. • JOS Lab 2: Memory Management (2 weeks) • Virtual memory, paging, etc. • JOS Lab 3: User Environment (2 weeks) • Process, user, kernel, system call, etc. • Concurrency Lab 1: Locks and Semaphores (1 week, TBA) • Implement synchronization mechanisms • Concurrency Lab 2: Deadlocks and Thread-safe issues (1 week, TBA) • Avoiding deadlocks, implementing thread-safe datastructures

  10. An Exercise Example in Lab 1

  11. The Lab Could be Difficult • Coding KERNEL code in C • Any memory error -> Triple fault… • Use GDB for debugging OS Kernel • Get familiar to tools ASAP.. Come to lab sessions and learn! • Assembly Languages • Intel x86 • Control hardware specific data • Page table • Global descriptor table (GDT) • Interrupt descriptor table (IDT)

  12. Lab Rules • DO NOT SHARE YOUR CODE WITH OTHER STUDENTS • You are encouraged to discuss with others about the assignments but do not ask/give the code to the others • Do not copy other students’ code or code available in online • Do not publish your code online • You will be asked to submit a simple write-up for the assignment • Describe how you solve each exercise/questions • Mention your collaborators in the write-up • Do not copy other students’ write-up • Do not publish your write-up online

  13. Lab Rules • You can have five (5) tokens • Each token let you push the deadline of a lab for 1 day • Plagiarism will be punished via the Office of Student Life.. • E.g., getting F or zero point for an entire week’s assignment • Please refer the Code of Student Conduct • https://studentlife.oregonstate.edu/studentconduct/academicmisconduct • https://studentlife.oregonstate.edu/sites/studentlife.oregonstate.edu/files/co de-of-student-conduct-102218.pdf

  14. Extra Credit Labs -- JOS Lab4 (15%) and 5 (15%) Due: 6/13, no Tokens! • JOS Lab is designed to teach students in semester systems (16 weeks) • Taught at MIT, Yale, Georgia Tech, etc. • Handling all labs within 10 weeks could be very tight… • But not impossible, some folks finish this within a month • Caffeinated 6.828 @ MIT • In addition to booting (Lab1), virtual memory (Lab2), and user environment (Lab3), JOS Lab is also available for: • Lab 4: Preemptive Multitasking • Time-sharing, Multi-thread, Multi-processor, concurrency, etc. • Lab 5: Filesystems • Files, spawns process, run applications via a shell! • Lab 6: Networking • Extra credits (due 6/13) for finishing Lab 4 / Lab 5 • 15% credits each

  15. NORMAL OPTION • 50% lab assignment • JOS Lab 1,2,3 and Concurrency Lab 1,2 • 20% Quizzes (mini exam during lab sessions) • 30% Final Exam

  16. A HARDCORE OPTION • 50% lab assignment • JOS Lab 1,2,3 and Concurrency Lab 1,2 • 20% Quizzes (mini exam during lab sessions) • 15% JOS Lab 4 • 15% JOS Lab 5 • Total: 100% • 30% Final Exam • Or you may take the final exam to fill missing credits from labs/quizzes

  17. CS 544 Students • 50% Lab assignments for CS 444 • 40% Lab assignments for CS 544 • Students will be asked to provide academic paper critiques • 2% each, five times (total 10%), and due in 1 week after posting date • Instructions will be posted later

  18. Tips to the Lab • Study in a group (do discussions!) • But please write the code individually! • Come to the class and lab sessions and follow tutorials/exercise! • Ask questions (Piazza, Discord, and Office Hour) • Understand your time budget (Debugging will take lots of your time!) • Plan ahead to finish the labs on time • Learn basic tools (e.g., C, gdb, assembly, editors, tmux, etc.) ASAP • This will help you earn more time on doing labs…

  19. What is an OS? Applications OS Hardware

  20. OS is a software layer that connects application and hardware • Abstraction • Different hardware speaks different language (protocols) • Intel CPU / AMD CPU / ARM CPU • NVIDIA GPU (GeForce) / AMD GPU (Radeon) • HDD, SSD, Floppy Disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc. • Application runs without knowing such details • One source code, compile, then runs on Intel/AMD/ARM… • Open/read/write, send/recv • OpenGL, OpenCL, etc.

  21. OS Manages System Resources • Resource Management • Sharing • Multiple apps shares one CPU’s execution time • Apps sharing disk, network, graphics, etc. • Security • Privilege separation • Administrator vs regular user, among each users, etc. • Isolation • A process to another process…

  22. OSTEP: OS Three Easy Pieces • Virtualization • Concurrency • Persistence

  23. Virtualization Ring 3 • Virtualize Memory • Virtualize CPU • Virtualize Disk and other hardware OS Kernel (Ring 0) • Security

  24. Concurrency Ring 3 • Multi-threading • Run multiple apps at the same time • Symmetric Multi-processor Environment • Multi-cores! OS Kernel (Ring 0) • Concurrent hardware (resource) access!

  25. Persistence • How to store data? • How to manage permanent system state? • How to run a program from a disk?

  26. Q&A?

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