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핵융합과 ITER ( & 원자력 ) -ULTRA: July 22, 2011

핵융합과 ITER ( & 원자력 ) -ULTRA: July 22, 2011. 전창훈 , 프랑스 ITER 연구원 PhD & Senior Engineer, Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory. Total 23 slides. Part I: 핵융합과 ITER – 밑 빠진 독에 물 붇기인가 ? 고갈 없는 에너지원인가 ?. Total 23 slides. Nuclear Fission vs Nuclear Fusion.

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핵융합과 ITER ( & 원자력 ) -ULTRA: July 22, 2011

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  1. 핵융합과 ITER(& 원자력)-ULTRA: July 22, 2011 전창훈, 프랑스 ITER 연구원 PhD & Senior Engineer, Princeton University Plasma Physics Laboratory. Total 23 slides

  2. Part I: 핵융합과 ITER– 밑 빠진 독에 물 붇기인가? 고갈 없는 에너지원인가? Total 23 slides

  3. Nuclear Fission vs Nuclear Fusion Fission: Heavy => Light Easy for Chain Reaction Fusion: Light => Heavy Difficult for Chain Reaction

  4. To Achieve Nuclear Fusion • Fusion Environment: High Temperature & High Pressure. • Sun & Stars: Confinement by Their Own Gravity • On Earth: Confinement by Electromagnetic Field • Strategy: Rotating Particles of Plasma in Torus (Tokamak).

  5. Electric Coils to Confine Plasma • <Three Different Coils> • To Start: OH Coils • To Keep: TF Coils • To Control: PF Coils

  6. Fusion Reaction in Real Machine

  7. Fusion Energy: Pros & Cons • Safe & Green Energy (Short Power lines) • High Efficient Energy (450 times input) • Resource is almost unlimited. • Difficult to Achieve & Maintain • Plasma Stability is still not Clear. • Expensive to Test and to Build

  8. Cryostat 29 m high x 28 m dia. Vacuum Vessel 9 sectors Blanket 440 modules Poloidal Field Coil Nb-Ti, 6 Port Plug heating/current drive, test blankets limiters/RH diagnostics Torus Cryopumps Divertor 54 cassettes ITER Fusion Machine Central Solenoid Nb3Sn, 6 modules Toroidal Field Coil Nb3Sn, 18, wedged Fusion Power: 500 MW 8

  9. ITER Machine vs Eiffel Tower Eiffel Tower mass: ~10,000 t 1M Euro (1889) D141m x H320m 1.07^122=>5B ITER Machine mass: ~ 30,000 t Budget: 5B Euro Size: D30m x H30m

  10. History of ITER Project ITER originated from the Summit in 1985, Geneva where Gorbachev and Reagan proposed international effort to develop fusion energy. “For the benefit of mankind ”  Dec 1953 UN Assembly General, Eisenhower proposed “Atoms for Peace” Nov2006 Paris : China, Europe, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, USA signed ITER.

  11. World History of Fusion Machines TRIAM, J

  12. Main Technical Issue: Plasma Stability

  13. ITER: Real International Project • The seven parties involved in the ITER construction represent more than 50 % of the world’s population A Project to Build a new Babel Tower!! Heating or Eating // ITER or Eater?

  14. Summary of ITER Project • ITER is the first project to build a concrete machine by collaborating superpower countries. • ITER is the spearhead for world energy & technology development. • Korea can achieve a lot of new technology & be involved in global leadership.

  15. Part II: Nuclear Energy- Before Fukushima- After Fukushima

  16. General Issues on Nuclear Energy Calder Hall: 1956 August – 2003 March Three Mile Island: 1979 March Chernobyl: 1986 April Fukushima: 2011 March “Very Safe Energy” => Three Big Accidents (Two Disasters) in Half Century “No other Choice!” => “Too lazy to find another solution!”

  17. Before Fukushima, After Fukushima • After Fukushima, racing for energy will be changed! • Germany declared to close down Nuclear Plant (by 2022). & Japan will follow Germany => Renewable energy. • France & Korea will not give up Nuclear energy. • Competition: Renewable energy versus Nuclear energy. • We have to study Germany & France. (US will go with Petrol.)

  18. Electricity(2009): France versus Germany • Nuclear Generation: 76% v 22% (Korea < 40%) • Carbon: 5% v 44% • Petroleum: 6% v 22% • Hydraulic: 11% v 4% (Korea < 1%) • Wind: 1.4% v 6.3% • Solar: 0.03% v 1% • (CO2 per kWh) 90g v 600g Le Point 24March2011, p113

  19. Nuclear Generation & Safety in France • No Serious Accidents in France. • Almost 80% electricity made by Nuclear Plant. => Consuming pattern & Export. • Export electricity neighboring countries. (EDF in UK: The largest E company in the UK) • Reduce pollution in downtown (by Tram) • Support by people (after WW-II by now) • Bright streets: Stimulate Tour business, Discourage crime, Night activity => Social.

  20. Nuclear Safety in France –ASN • ASN (Autorité de SûretéNucléaire): www.asn.fr (English version avail.) • Managed by 5 commissioners: (Photo) - 5: 3 by President, 1 by NA & 1 by Sénat - 6 year’s one term (no extension) - Immunity privilege like judges • Experts: Engineers, Medical doctors, pharmacist, lawyers… • Supported by IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de SûretéNucléaire) www.irsn.fr (English v.) ASN IRSN ITER

  21. Summary • Safety for Nuclear: More transparency with better structure. • We have to study France & Germany in same time - for new energy procurement. • US will continue with Petroleum - We should avoid this policy. (More tax collecting can mislead the direction) • Energy problem can be solved by policy, culture & ethics. - Only by money (penalty or tax) will not work. - Using small car (Forcing not coming out with a big car / day) • Energy is not only industry, but defense of sovereignty.

  22. Condolence: Fukushima 2011 March 천재에인재까지 덮쳐 유명을 달리하신 후꾸시마 희생자 분들에게 삼가 조의를 표합니다. 살아 있는 저희들이 더 나은 과학, 더 좋은 기술을 위해 열심히 노력하겠습니다. ULTRAat EKC-2011, Paris

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