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Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value

Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value. Interval level: Specific intervals between consecutive values Zero is just a number in the string. Ordinal level: numbers establish rank order distance between numbers is not any specific interval

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Types of Data: Ratio Specific intervals between consecutive numbers True zero value

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  1. Types of Data: • Ratio • Specific intervals between consecutive numbers • True zero value

  2. Interval level: • Specific intervals between consecutive values • Zero is just a number in the string

  3. Ordinal level: • numbers establish rank order • distance between numbers is not any specific interval • e.g., 1st , 2nd, 3rd...

  4. Nominal level: • Numbers only categorize data. • Numbers have no mathematical value. • e.g., 1 = male, 2 = female

  5. Chi Square Goodness of fit • for nominal level data • identifies if a sample of people conform to the categories as expected.

  6. Where: Chi Square Frequency expected Frequency observed

  7. Frequency expected: The amount of subjects that you would expect to find in each category based on known information.

  8. Frequency observed: The amount of subjects you actually find to be in each category in the present data.

  9. Let’s assume that: h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10%

  10. First: How many people do we expect to find in each category, based on these percentages? Assume that the sample that you test has n=50.

  11. The percentage needs to be written as a fraction or decimal.

  12. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10%

  13. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10%

  14. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10%

  15. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10%

  16. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10%

  17. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10% 10 12.5 15 7.5 5

  18. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 20% 25% 30% 15% 10% 10 12.5 15 7.5 5 5 7 25 12 1

  19. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 10 12.5 15 7.5 5 5 7 25 12 1

  20. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 10 12.5 15 7.5 5 5 7 25 12 1

  21. Some college: 1) 3) 2) 4)

  22. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 10 12.5 15 7.5 5 5 7 25 12 1

  23. College: 1) 3) 4) 2)

  24. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 10 12.5 15 7.5 5 5 7 25 12 1

  25. M.A. 3) 1) 2) 4)

  26. h.s. Some college MA Ph.D college 10 12.5 15 7.5 5 5 7 25 12 1

  27. Ph.D. 1) 3) 2) 4)

  28. Critical Value: Chi Square table df = K-1 where k is # of groups df=4 crit value = 9.488

  29. 17.49 > 9.48 Therefore there is a significant difference between the expected and observed frequencies.

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