Troubles at Home and Abroad

1. Troubles at Home and Abroad Ch. 8 Section 3

2. Conflicts in the NW Territory • British supplied Natives with guns and ammunition • Hope to limit American settlement in the Northwest Territory • Many Natives attacked American settlements trying to protect their land

3. Conflicts in the NW Territory • American leaders believed expanding West was important to countries future • U.S. had bought most of Kentucky and part of Tennessee • North of Ohio River, Native Americans refused to sell

4. Series of Battles • In 1790 - Small American force defeated by warriors led by Little Turtle (Miami Nation) and Blue Jacket (Shawnee nation) • Next year – Washington sends larger force and defeated again • Worst defeat ever against Natives (more than 900 soldiers killed or wounded) • Anthony Wayne (Revolution War Hero) • Became leader of American Forces • Won Battle of Fallen Timbers • 1795 Treaty of Greenville

5. French Revolution • French Revolution in 1789 was at first supported by Americans • Became very violent (17,000 people executed • Federalist denounced it!) • 1793 Britain and France at War • Washington states neutrality • Both began seizing American trade ships • British impressment (forced service in British Navy) • British important trading partner (75% if exports and 90% of imports)

6. British Relations • Washington sent John Jay to resolve problems with Britain • Jay Treaty • U.S. agreed to pay debts to British Merchants IN RETURN British pay for ships seized • British Withdraw troops from NW Territory and stop Native aide • British Refused to accept U.S. trade with France and to stop impressment of U.S. sailors • Republicans felt U.S. gave up to much for little return in Jay Treaty • Federalist believed it kept the peace (Congress controlled by federalists and Jay treaty passed)

7. Washington Retires from Public Life • Washington wrote farewell address to Americans 1st – Warned against political parties 2nd – Emphasized U.S. should not get involved in European affairs “Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very remote relation…. Why… entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils [traps] of European ambition?... It is our true policy to stear clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.” - George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796

8. Washington Accomplishments • U.S. had a functioning federal government • Economy was improving • Washington had avoided war • British forced to leave NW Territory

9. Ch. 8 Section 4

10. XYZ Affair (1797) • Jay’s Treaty increased tension with France • Adams sent 3 person mission to France • French demanded U.S. pay bribe of $250,000 and lend several millions • Americans refused

11. XYZ Affair (1797) • Caused outbreak of war fever in U.S. • Adams got Congress to increase army and rebuild navy • Increases power of Central government • 1798-1800 – undeclared Naval war with France • Adams avoids war with France and upsets pro-British Federalists • Weakens him politically in party

12. Alien Act • Increase time to become citizen from 5-14 years • Federalist believed that immigrants would strengthen Republicans • President could imprison or deport any alien considered dangerous

13. Sedition Act • Crime for anyone who says anything insulting or false about government • What amendment is this challenging • Both Acts are aimed at trying to weaken the power of the Republican party

14. States’ Rights • Republicans respond to Acts by going to state legislatures • Jefferson writes Kentucky resolution and Madison writes Virginia resolution • Both state legislatures vote Acts to be unconstitutional • Acts go away naturally by 1802 • Lasting impact • Resolutions claimed states right to nullify laws passed by Congress • Boosted idea of States’ Rights