The Growth of Monarchies

1. The Growth of Monarchies 1st Block Monday, March 19th

2. The English Monarch and Anglo- Saxon England • First country in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy. • Anglo-Saxons are the first to unify the country. • Normans conquered the Anglo-Saxons. • Anglo-Saxons of England were divided into seven small kingdoms. • Vikings invaded England, and conquered a few kingdoms, but not all of England.

3. The Norman Conquest • 1066,king died without an heir • Harold claimed the throne • William became jealous, sailed to England to claim the throne • They both fought with William winning the fight • William was known as william the conqueror • He divided England into fiefs, created New England • Ordered a survey to find out how much to tax • Survies were collected in the domesday book, used to create a central tax systeem • French culture was introduced ntoengland • Most of lower classes kept the Anglo-Saxon language and habits • Link to french culture would last for centuries

4. The English in France • The kings who followed king William gained even more power as they gained land. Mainly in France • His descendants were known as Dukes of Normandy, so they ruled that region of France • Henry II was a descendant of William • Married Eleanor of Aquitane, powerful French duchess. They ruled all of England and half of France together

5. The Magna Carta • Nobles feared that kings would abuse their powers and take away the nobles rights • The nobles concerns reached a crisis point in 1215 under King John • Magna Carta was a document outlining nobles rights • Nobles forced King John to accept the document • King had to obtain and have the consent of the nobles before raising taxes • Also ended the kings ability to arrest and punish people without cause or take their property without following legal procedures • The Magna Carta set forth ideas about limiting government & executive power • Suggested that even kings were not above the law • People considered the Magna Carta one of the most important historical documents in the formation of modern democracies

6. Parliamant • After the Magna Carta the nobles were still not satisfied • The king constantly asking for approval • Nobles started another rebellion in the 1260s • King wanted to raise the taxes to fund wars and is debt • Parliament the governing body • For several years the powers of parliament remained undefined • King Edward I clarified the role of Parliament • With the help of Parliament Edward strengthened of England's central government and reformed system of laws

7. Other European Monarchs and France • Kings in other European countries experience’s were very different from English rulers • Noble had more power than kings, and they started ignoring the kings • In the mid-900s, a family called Capetians extended power of their monarchy throughout France • Managed and named after Hugh Capet • Sometimes fought locals and sometimes formed allegiances • In 1300, Capetians ruled most of France

8. Holy Roman Empire • Empire spit into 2 parts- western part became France and the eastern part became Germany. -France remained under one king. -Germany separated into several small states. -Each state had its own ruler known as a Duke. • Called Holy Roman Empire because it had the pope’s support.

9. Spain and Portugal • Both Spain and portugal were conquered by the Muslims in 700s during the civil war the Muslim Spain weakened Moorish leaders (Muslims) • Castile the leader of Reconquistia (reconquest), captured Moors’ city of Toledo, inspiring Argon and Portugal tp join. The 3 Iberian kingdoms drove Moors out of their lands and established kingdom Portugal. • Argon and Castile went on Pushing Moors almost all the way out of Sapin, stayed all the way out of Sapin stayed in Granada (protected by the mountains.