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Reformation in Europe: Calvinism, Henry VIII, and Catholic Reformation

Explore the changes in the church during the mid-1500s, the rise of Calvinism, King Henry VIII's marital affairs, and the Catholic Reformation with a focus on Jesuits, Papal reforms, and the Council of Trent.

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Reformation in Europe: Calvinism, Henry VIII, and Catholic Reformation

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  1. Day 4Changes in the Church

  2. John Calvin Leader of Protestantism in Switzerland Agreed with Luther, but more emphasis on the all-power of God Predestination - God has predetermined those who will be saved (the Elect) - And those who will not (the reprobate) By mid-1500’s, Calvinism most important form of Protestantism

  3. The Reformation in England

  4. King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon They had a daughter, but no son. Pope unwilling to annul the marriage, but England’s archbishop rules the marriage was “null and void.” Henry marries Anne Boleyn – they have a girl (Later becomes Elizabeth I)

  5. Catherine of Aragon- Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella- Married to Henry’s brother,Arthur (died)- 1 daughter: Bloody Mary- Divorced http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherineofaragonportrait

  6. Anne Boleyn- Catherine’s maid-One daughter: Elizabeth- Beheaded for treason (adultery) http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/9194/h8/twomain.html

  7. Jane Seymour- Bore Henry a son: Edward VI- She died 12 days later http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/search.cgi?author=HOLBEIN%2C+Hans+the+Younger

  8. Anne ofCleves- Henry married her on the basis of a portrait - She was ugly- Divorced after six months http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/anneofclevesportrait

  9. Katherine Howard- Married when she was 19 and he was almost 50- She fooled around- Beheaded http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/katherinehowardportrait.

  10. Catherine Parr- Religious intellectual- Cared for Henry in his old age- Reunited him with his three children- Only wife to outlive him http://home.hiwaay.net/~crispen/tudor/6wives/catherineparrportrait

  11. Act of Supremacy 1534 • Declared the King the “only supreme head on earth of the Church of England” • The King dissolves the monasteries & sells their land

  12. Edward: 1547 becomes King; Protestants gain power • Edward dies at 16 • Henry & Catherine’s daughter Mary comes to power • Tries to restore England to Roman Catholicism • “Bloody Mary”

  13. Anabaptists • Voluntary community of adult Christian believers • Believed in: • Adult baptism • All believers were equal • Separation of Church and State • Persecuted by both Catholics & Protestants (seen as Radicals)

  14. Catholic Reformation • Protestantism had taken Europe by storm • The situation in the Catholic Church did not look good • BUT, it became revitalized by 3 chief pillars… • Jesuits • Reform of the Papacy • Council of Trent

  15. 1. Jesuits (Society of Jesus) • Took a special vow of absolute obedience to the pope • Used education to spread their message • Successful in restoring Catholicism

  16. 2. Reform of the Papacy – Paul III • Pope Paul III appointed a Reform Commission to figure out the problems of the Catholic Church • Corrupt Pope’s were blamed • Approves the Jesuits

  17. 3. Council of Trent 1545-1563 • Reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings • Faith and good works necessary for salvation • Seven sacraments and clerical celibacy • Belief in purgatory • Selling of indulgences forbidden • Roman Catholic Church reunified

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